python matplot_Python matplotib 画图

使用Python 程序来生成可视化图像，具有明确的表达性。Matplotlib 里的常用类的包含关系为 Figure -> Axes -> (Line2D, Text, etc.)一个Figure对象可以包含多个子图(Axes)，在matplotlib中用Axes对象表示一个绘图区域，可以理解为子图。

demo1:曲线图和直线图

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

t= np.arange(0.0, 1.01, 0.01)

s= np.sin(2*2*np.pi*t)

plt.fill(t, s*np.exp(-5*t), 'r')

plt.grid(True)#保存为PDF格式，也可保存为PNG等图形格式

plt.savefig('test.png')

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

x=np.linspace(0,10,1000)

y=np.sin(x)

z=np.cos(x**2)

plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))

plt.plot(x,y,label='$sin(x)$',color='red',linewidth=2)

plt.plot(x,z,'g--',label='$cos(x^2)$',lw=3)

plt.xlabel('Time(s)')

plt.ylabel('volt')

plt.title('First python firgure')

plt.ylim(-1.2,1.2)

plt.legend()

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt#A class that will downsample the data and recompute when zoomed.

classDataDisplayDownsampler(object):def __init__(self, xdata, ydata):

self.origYData=ydata

self.origXData=xdata

self.ratio= 5self.delta= xdata[-1] -xdata[0]defdownsample(self, xstart, xend):#Very simple downsampling that takes the points within the range

#and picks every Nth point

mask = (self.origXData > xstart) & (self.origXData

xdata=self.origXData[mask]

xdata=xdata[::self.ratio]

ydata=self.origYData[mask]

ydata=ydata[::self.ratio]returnxdata, ydatadefupdate(self, ax):#Update the line

lims =ax.viewLimif np.abs(lims.width - self.delta) > 1e-8:

self.delta=lims.width

xstart, xend=lims.intervalx

self.line.set_data(*self.downsample(xstart, xend))

ax.figure.canvas.draw_idle()#Create a signal

xdata = np.linspace(16, 365, 365-16)

ydata= np.sin(2*np.pi*xdata/153) + np.cos(2*np.pi*xdata/127)

d=DataDisplayDownsampler(xdata, ydata)

fig, ax=plt.subplots()#Hook up the line

d.line, = ax.plot(xdata, ydata, 'o-')

ax.set_autoscale_on(False)#Otherwise, infinite loop

#Connect for changing the view limits

ax.callbacks.connect('xlim_changed', d.update)

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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含有鼠标线

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.widgets importCursor

t= np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1= np.sin(2 * np.pi *t)

plt.plot(t, s1)

cursor= Cursor(plt.gca(), horizOn=True, color='r', lw=1)

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.widgets importMultiCursor

t= np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s1= np.sin(2*np.pi*t)

s2= np.sin(4*np.pi*t)

fig=plt.figure()

ax1= fig.add_subplot(211)

ax1.plot(t, s1)

ax2= fig.add_subplot(212, sharex=ax1)

ax2.plot(t, s2)

multi= MultiCursor(fig.canvas, (ax1, ax2), color='r', lw=1)

plt.show()

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#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.figure(1) #创建图表1

plt.figure(2) #创建图表2

ax1 = plt.subplot(211) #在图表2中创建子图1

ax2 = plt.subplot(212) #在图表2中创建子图2

x = np.linspace(0, 3, 100)for i in xrange(5):

plt.figure(1) #❶ # 选择图表1

plt.plot(x, np.exp(i*x/3))

plt.sca(ax1)#❷ # 选择图表2的子图1

plt.plot(x, np.sin(i*x))

plt.sca(ax2)#选择图表2的子图2

plt.plot(x, np.cos(i*x))

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.figure(1) #创建图表1

plt.figure(2) #创建图表2

ax1 = plt.subplot(211) #在图表2中创建子图1

ax2 = plt.subplot(212) #在图表2中创建子图2

x = np.linspace(0, 3, 100)for i in xrange(5):

plt.figure(1) #❶ # 选择图表1

plt.plot(x, np.exp(i*x/3))

plt.sca(ax1)#❷ # 选择图表2的子图1

plt.plot(x, np.sin(i*x))

plt.sca(ax2)#选择图表2的子图2

plt.plot(x, np.cos(i*x))

plt.show()

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含有公式：

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

t= np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)

s= np.sin(2*np.pi*t)

plt.plot(t,s)

plt.title(r'$\alpha_i > \beta_i$', fontsize=20)

plt.text(1, -0.6, r'$\sum_{i=0}^\infty x_i$', fontsize=20)

plt.text(0.6, 0.6, r'$\mathcal{A}\mathrm{sin}(2 \omega t)$',

fontsize=20)

plt.xlabel('time (s)')

plt.ylabel('volts (mV)')

plt.show()

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##################################-*- coding: utf-8 -*-#File name :5.py#Author :kangkangliang#File desc :#Mail :liangkangkang@yahoo.com#Create time :2017-06-11##################################!/usr/bin/env python

importosimportnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportsys

x= [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

y= [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]

plt.plot(x,y)

plt.text(2, 8, r"$ \mu \alpha \tau \pi \lambda \omega \tau \lambda \iota \beta $",fontsize=20);

plt.text(2, 6, r"$ \lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{1}{x} $",fontsize=20);

plt.text(2, 4, r"$ a \ \leq \ b \ \leq \ c \ \Rightarrow \ a \ \leq \ c$",fontsize=20);

plt.text(2, 2, r"$ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\ x_i^2$",fontsize=20);

plt.text(4, 8, r"$ \sin(0) = \cos(\frac{\pi}{2})$",fontsize=20);

plt.text(4, 6, r"$ \sqrt[3]{x} = \sqrt{y}$",fontsize=20);

plt.text(4, 4, r"$ \neg (a \wedge b) \Leftrightarrow \neg a \vee \neg b$",fontsize=20);

plt.text(4, 2, r"$ \int_a^b f(x)dx$",fontsize=20);

plt.xlabel('time (s)')

plt.ylabel('volts (mV)')

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportpylab as pl

data= np.loadtxt('testdata.txt')#plot the first column as x, and second column as y

pl.plot(data[:,0], data[:,1], 'ro')

pl.xlabel('x')

pl.ylabel('y')

pl.xlim(0.0, 10.)

pl.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

x1= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]#Make x, y arrays for each graph

y1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

x2= [1, 2, 4, 6, 8]

y2= [2, 4, 8, 12, 16]

pltot1= plt.plot(x1, y1, 'r')#use pylab to plot x and y : Give your plots names

pltot2 = plt.plot(x2, y2, 'go')

plt.title('Plot of y vs. x')#give plot a title

plt.xlabel('x axis')#make axis labels

plt.ylabel('y axis')

plt.xlim(0.0, 9.0)#set axis limits

plt.ylim(0.0, 30.)#plt.legend([plot1, plot2], ('red line', 'green circles'), 'best', numpoints=1)# make legend

plt.legend(('red line','green circles'))

plt.show()#show the plot on the screen

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importnumpy as npimportpylab as plt

x1= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]#Make x, y arrays for each graph

y1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

x2= [1, 2, 4, 6, 8]

y2= [2, 4, 8, 12, 16]

plt.plot(x1, y1,'r')#use pylab to plot x and y

plt.plot(x2, y2, 'g')

plt.title('Plot of y vs. x')#give plot a title

plt.xlabel('x axis')#make axis labels

plt.ylabel('y axis')

plt.xlim(0.0, 9.0)#set axis limits

plt.ylim(0.0, 30.)

plt.show()#show the plot on the screen

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##################################-*- coding: utf-8 -*-#File name :demo.py#Author :kangkangliang#File desc :#Mail :liangkangkang@yahoo.com#Create time :2017-06-11##################################!/usr/bin/env python

importosimportnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportsys

x= np.arange(0.0, 10.0, 1.0)

y1= x*2y2= x + 2y3= x*3

#color rgbyck#b blue#r green#r red#c cyan#m magenta#y yellow#k black#white#散点图

plt.plot(x,y1,'or')#折线图

plt.plot(x,y2)#虚线

plt.plot(x,y3,'--')

plt.show()

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importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

X1= range(0, 50)

Y1= [num**2 for num in X1] #y = x^2

X2 = [0, 1]

Y2= [0, 1] #y = x

Fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4)) #Create a `figure' instance

Ax = Fig.add_subplot(111) #Create a `axes' instance in the figure

Ax.plot(X1, Y1, X2, Y2) #Create a Line2D instance in the axes

Fig.show()

Fig.savefig("test.png"

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importnumpy as npimportpylab as pl

x= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]#Make an array of x values

y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]#Make an array of y values for each x value

pl.plot(x, y)#use pylab to plot x and y

pl.show()#show the plot on the screen

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#!/usr/bin/env python

importmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([10, 20, 30])

plt.xlabel('times')

plt.ylabel('numbers')

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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importmatplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.font_manager importFontProperties

font=FontProperties()

plt.figure()

plt.title('this is title')

plt.xlabel('x label')

plt.ylabel('y label')

plt.axis([0,25, 0, 25])

plt.grid(True)

x= [[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6]]

y= [[1],[2.1],[2.9],[4.2],[5.1],[5.8]]

plt.plot(x, y,'k.')

plt.savefig('test.png')

plt.show()

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from math importpifrom numpy importcos, sinfrom matplotlib importpyplot as pltif __name__ == '__main__':'''''plot data margin'''angles_circle= [i*pi/180 for i in range(0,360)] #i先转换成double

#angles_circle = [i/np.pi for i in np.arange(0,360)] # <=>

#angles_circle = [i/180*pi for i in np.arange(0,360)] X

x =cos(angles_circle)

y=sin(angles_circle)

plt.plot(x, y,'r')

plt.axis('equal')

plt.axis('scaled')

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

N= 50x=np.random.rand(N)

y=np.random.rand(N)

area= np.pi * (15 * np.random.rand(N))**2 #0 to 15 point radiuses

color = 2 * np.pi *np.random.rand(N)

plt.scatter(x, y, s=area, c=color, alpha=0.5, cmap=plt.cm.hsv)

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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多个图：

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

t= np.arange(-1, 2, .01)

s= np.sin(2 * np.pi *t)

plt.plot(t,s)#draw a thick red hline at y=0 that spans the xrange

l = plt.axhline(linewidth=4, color='r')

plt.axis([-1, 2, -1, 2])

plt.show()

plt.close()#draw a default hline at y=1 that spans the xrange

plt.plot(t,s)

l= plt.axhline(y=1, color='b')

plt.axis([-1, 2, -1, 2])

plt.show()

plt.close()#draw a thick blue vline at x=0 that spans the upper quadrant of the yrange

plt.plot(t,s)

l= plt.axvline(x=0, ymin=0, linewidth=4, color='b')

plt.axis([-1, 2, -1, 2])

plt.show()

plt.close()#draw a default hline at y=.5 that spans the the middle half of the axes

plt.plot(t,s)

l= plt.axhline(y=.5, xmin=0.25, xmax=0.75)

plt.axis([-1, 2, -1, 2])

plt.show()

plt.close()

plt.plot(t,s)

p= plt.axhspan(0.25, 0.75, facecolor='0.5', alpha=0.5)

p= plt.axvspan(1.25, 1.55, facecolor='g', alpha=0.5)

plt.axis([-1, 2, -1, 2])#plt.show()#plt.savefig('test.png')

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对数图：

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt

w= np.linspace(0.1, 1000, 1000)

p= np.abs(1/(1+0.1j*w))

plt.subplot(221)

plt.plot(w, p, linewidth=2)

plt.ylim(0,1.5)

plt.subplot(222)

plt.semilogx(w, p, linewidth=2)

plt.ylim(0,1.5)

plt.subplot(223)

plt.semilogy(w, p, linewidth=2)

plt.ylim(0,1.5)

plt.subplot(224)

plt.loglog(w, p, linewidth=2)

plt.ylim(0,1.5)

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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importmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportmatplotlib.pylab as pylabimportscipy.ioimportnumpy as np#params={

#'axes.labelsize': '35',

#'xtick.labelsize':'27',

#'ytick.labelsize':'27',

#'lines.linewidth':2 ,

#'legend.fontsize': '27',

#'figure.figsize' : '12, 9' # set figure size#}#pylab.rcParams.update(params) #set figure parameter

line_styles=['ro-','b^-','gs-','ro--','b^--','gs--'] #set line style

#We give the coordinate date directly to give an example.

x1 = [-20,-15,-10,-5,0,0,5,10,15,20]

y1= [0,0.04,0.1,0.21,0.39,0.74,0.78,0.80,0.82,0.85]

y2= [0,0.014,0.03,0.16,0.37,0.78,0.81,0.83,0.86,0.92]

y3= [0,0.001,0.02,0.14,0.34,0.77,0.82,0.85,0.90,0.96]

y4= [0,0,0.02,0.12,0.32,0.77,0.83,0.87,0.93,0.98]

y5= [0,0,0.02,0.11,0.32,0.77,0.82,0.90,0.95,1]

plt.plot(x1,y1,'bo-',label='m=2, p=10%',markersize=20) #in 'bo-', b is blue, o is O marker, - is solid line and so on

plt.plot(x1,y2,'gv-',label='m=4, p=10%',markersize=20)

plt.plot(x1,y3,'ys-',label='m=6, p=10%',markersize=20)

plt.plot(x1,y4,'ch-',label='m=8, p=10%',markersize=20)

plt.plot(x1,y5,'mD-',label='m=10, p=10%',markersize=20)

fig1= plt.figure(1)

axes= plt.subplot(111)#axes = plt.gca()

axes.set_yticks([0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0])

axes.grid(True)#add grid

plt.legend(loc="lower right") #set legend location

plt.ylabel('Percentage') #set ystick label

plt.xlabel('Difference') #set xstck label

plt.savefig('test.png',dpi = 1000,bbox_inches='tight')

plt.show()

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demo2:饼图

#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from pylab import *

#make a square figure and axes

figure(1, figsize=(6,6))

ax= axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8])

labels= 'Frogs', 'Hogs', 'Dogs', 'Logs'fracs= [15,30,45, 10]

explode=(0, 0.05, 0, 0)

pie(fracs, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%1.1f%%', shadow=True)

title('Raining Hogs and Dogs', bbox={'facecolor':'0.8', 'pad':5})

savefig('pie.png')

show()

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importmatplotlib.pyplot as pltfor idx,color in enumerate('rgbyck'):

plt.subplot(321+idx,axisbg=color)

plt.savefig("test.png")

plt.show()

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demo3:柱状图

importscipy.ioimportnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pylab as pylabimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportmatplotlib.ticker as mtick#params={

#'axes.labelsize': '35',

#'xtick.labelsize':'27',

#'ytick.labelsize':'27',

#'lines.linewidth':2 ,

#'legend.fontsize': '27',

#'figure.figsize' : '24, 9'#}#pylab.rcParams.update(params)

y1= [9.79,7.25,7.24,4.78,4.20]

y2= [5.88,4.55,4.25,3.78,3.92]

y3= [4.69,4.04,3.84,3.85,4.0]

y4= [4.45,3.96,3.82,3.80,3.79]

y5= [3.82,3.89,3.89,3.78,3.77]

ind= np.arange(5) #the x locations for the groups

width = 0.15plt.bar(ind,y1,width,color= 'blue',label = 'm=2')

plt.bar(ind+width,y2,width,color = 'g',label = 'm=4') #ind+width adjusts the left start location of the bar.

plt.bar(ind+2*width,y3,width,color = 'c',label = 'm=6')

plt.bar(ind+3*width,y4,width,color = 'r',label = 'm=8')

plt.bar(ind+4*width,y5,width,color = 'm',label = 'm=10')

plt.xticks(np.arange(5) + 2.5*width, ('10%','15%','20%','25%','30%'))

plt.xlabel('Sample percentage')

plt.ylabel('Error rate')

fmt= '%.0f%%' #Format you want the ticks, e.g. '40%'

xticks =mtick.FormatStrFormatter(fmt)#Set the formatter

axes = plt.gca() #get current axes

axes.yaxis.set_major_formatter(xticks) #set % format to ystick.

axes.grid(True)

plt.legend(loc="upper right")

plt.savefig('test.png', format='png',dpi = 1000,bbox_inches='tight')

plt.show()

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt#make an array of random numbers with a gaussian distribution with#mean = 5.0#rms = 3.0#number of points = 1000

data = np.random.normal(5.0, 3.0, 1000)#make a histogram of the data array

plt.hist(data)#make plot labels

plt.xlabel('data')

plt.show()

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去掉中间的黑线

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt#make an array of random numbers with a gaussian distribution with#mean = 5.0#rms = 3.0#number of points = 1000

data = np.random.normal(5.0, 3.0, 1000)#make a histogram of the data array#pl.hist(data)

plt.hist(data,histtype='stepfilled')#make plot labels

plt.xlabel('data')

plt.show()

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#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

importnumpy as npimportpylab as pl#make an array of random numbers with a gaussian distribution with#mean = 5.0#rms = 3.0#number of points = 1000

data = np.random.normal(5.0, 3.0, 1000)#make a histogram of the data array

bins = np.arange(-5., 16., 1.) #浮点数版本的range

pl.hist(data, bins, histtype='stepfilled')#pl.hist(data)#make plot labels

pl.xlabel('data')

pl.show()

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demo4:网状图

importnetworkx as nximportpylab as plt

g=nx.Graph()

g.add_edge(1,2,weight = 4)

g.add_edge(1,3,weight = 7)

g.add_edge(1,4,weight = 8)

g.add_edge(1,5,weight = 3)

g.add_edge(1,9,weight = 3)

g.add_edge(1,6,weight = 6)

g.add_edge(6,7,weight = 7)

g.add_edge(6,8,weight = 7)

g.add_edge(6,9,weight = 6)

g.add_edge(9,10,weight = 7)

g.add_edge(9,11,weight = 6)

fixed_pos= {1:(1,1),2:(0.7,2.2),3:(0,1.8),4:(1.6,2.3),5:(2,0.8),6:(-0.6,-0.6),7:(-1.3,0.8), 8:(-1.5,-1), 9:(0.5,-1.5), 10:(1.7,-0.8), 11:(1.5,-2.3)} #set fixed layout location

#pos=nx.spring_layout(g) # or you can use other layout set in the module

nx.draw_networkx_nodes(g,pos = fixed_pos,nodelist=[1,2,3,4,5],

node_color= 'g',node_size = 600)

nx.draw_networkx_edges(g,pos= fixed_pos,edgelist=[(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,9)],edge_color='g',width = [4.0,4.0,4.0,4.0,4.0],label = [1,2,3,4,5],node_size = 600)

nx.draw_networkx_nodes(g,pos= fixed_pos,nodelist=[6,7,8],

node_color= 'r',node_size = 600)

nx.draw_networkx_edges(g,pos= fixed_pos,edgelist=[(6,7),(6,8),(1,6)],width = [4.0,4.0,4.0],edge_color='r',node_size = 600)

nx.draw_networkx_nodes(g,pos= fixed_pos,nodelist=[9,10,11],

node_color= 'b',node_size = 600)

nx.draw_networkx_edges(g,pos= fixed_pos,edgelist=[(6,9),(9,10),(9,11)],width = [4.0,4.0,4.0],edge_color='b',node_size = 600)

plt.text(fixed_pos[1][0],fixed_pos[1][1]+0.2, s = '1',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[2][0],fixed_pos[2][1]+0.2, s = '2',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[3][0],fixed_pos[3][1]+0.2, s = '3',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[4][0],fixed_pos[4][1]+0.2, s = '4',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[5][0],fixed_pos[5][1]+0.2, s = '5',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[6][0],fixed_pos[6][1]+0.2, s = '6',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[7][0],fixed_pos[7][1]+0.2, s = '7',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[8][0],fixed_pos[8][1]+0.2, s = '8',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[9][0],fixed_pos[9][1]+0.2, s = '9',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[10][0],fixed_pos[10][1]+0.2, s = '10',fontsize = 40)

plt.text(fixed_pos[11][0],fixed_pos[11][1]+0.2, s = '11',fontsize = 40)

plt.show()

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从文件中读取数据来画图

cat testdata.txt

0.0 0.0

1.0 1.0

2.0 4.0

3.0 9.0

4.0 16.0

5.0 25.0

6.0 36.0

7.0 49.0

8.0 64.0

9.0 81.0

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importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as plt#Use numpy to load the data contained in the file#testdata.txt into a 2-D array called data

data = np.loadtxt('testdata.txt')#plot the first column as x, and second column as y

plt.plot(data[:,0], data[:,1], 'ro')

plt.xlabel('x')

plt.ylabel('y')

plt.xlim(0.0, 10.)

plt.show()

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写入数据到文件

importnumpy as np#Let's make 2 arrays (x, y) which we will write to a file#x is an array containing numbers 0 to 10, with intervals of 1

x = np.arange(0.0, 10., 1.)#y is an array containing the values in x, squared

y = x*xprint 'x =', xprint 'y =', y#Now open a file to write the data to#'w' means open for 'writing'

file = open('testdata.txt', 'w')#loop over each line you want to write to file

for i inrange(len(x)):#make a string for each line you want to write

#'str()' means you are converting the quantity in brackets to a string type

txt = str(x[i]) + '\t' + str(y[i]) + '\n'

#write the txt to the file

file.write(txt)#Close your file

file.close()

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参考：

matplotlib中文翻译