本文总结了Unity中2D纹理的原始压缩格式，包括PNG、JPG和GIF，以及针对渲染的编码如ETC1、DXT、PVRTC和ASTC。此外，探讨了渲染过程中获取纹理数据的方法，如重心坐标、采样点插值、最近点采样、线性过滤、三线性过滤、MIPMap和异性过滤，以及反锯齿技术。
(不知为何知乎的目录用MD的TOC不能自动)
[TOC]
前言
这里也会持续总结2D纹理渲染相关、存储相关.
正文
纹理作为表述像素级的信息载体, 总的来说需要关注三个
1、原始压缩格式、用于渲染前编码的格式
2、获取信息的方式,和出现的问题
3、信息部分
一、纹理原始压缩格式
这里主要说的是原始的压缩格式,如PNG, JPG/JPEG等
PNG格式
PNG图像格式文件由文件署名和数据块(chunk)组成
其中我们关系的数据块主要包含主要和辅助(就是AD说这个会不会被骂 哈哈)
每个数据块都包含
| Length(长度) | 4字节 | 指定数据块中数据域的长度，其长度不超过(231−1)(231−1)字节 | | ----------------------------- | -------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | | Chunk Type Code(数据块类型码) | 4字节 | 数据块类型码由ASCII字母(A-Z和a-z)组成 | | Chunk Data(数据块实际内容 | 可变长度 | 存储按照Chunk Type Code指定的数据 | | CRC(循环冗余检测 | 4字节 | 存储用来检测是否有错误的循环冗余码 |
关键数据块包含了
1、文件头数据
这个我们记录就好, 方便自己做那啥(一般直接用库,不过可以做Editor时候的检查等)
| 域的名称 | 字节数 | 说明 | | ------------------ | ------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | Width | 4 bytes | 图像宽度，以像素为单位 | | Height | 4 bytes | 图像高度，以像素为单位 | | Bit depth | 1 byte | 图像深度：索引彩色图像：1，2，4或8 ;灰度图像：1，2，4，8或16 ;真彩色图像：8或16 | | ColorType | 1 byte | 颜色类型：0：灰度图像, 1，2，4，8或16;2：真彩色图像，8或16;3：索引彩色图像，1，2，4或84：带α通道数据的灰度图像，8或16;6：带α通道数据的真彩色图像，8或16 | | Compression method | 1 byte | 压缩方法(LZ77派生算法) | | Filter method | 1 byte | 滤波器方法 | | Interlace method | 1 byte | 隔行扫描方法：0：非隔行扫描;1： Adam7(由Adam M. Costello开发的7遍隔行扫描方法) |
2、调色板数据
3、图像数据块IDAT(它存储实际的数据，在数据流中可包含多个连续顺序的图像数据块...这个我们最最关心哈哈)、
4、图像结束数据
辅助数据块
这里有一些可以做魔法的地方,比如
图像透明数据块tRNS,图像γ数据块gAMA.
由于过多, 就不一一说明了. 可以查看官方或着Google
JPG格式
未完待续
GIF格式
GIF应该不能算是压缩, 而是编码.
未完待续......
二、纹理针对渲染的编码
这里说的编码,是针对方便GPU访问的能够有合适压缩比.
(正常方式导入后 解编码就得到按需可以用不同的编码R16, R8G8B8，A8R8G8B8等等, 但这些比较大. 所以就有针对GPU的编码.)
1、什么叫方便
GPU需要能够高效的随机访问一个像素, 或者说不需要太过大范围的解码辅助信息. (可以参考小道对完美硬件的YY, ),另外GPU这些采样点是几乎并行.这样就很确定顺序.
这也就是原始的压缩格式不能直接用的原因.
2、什么叫合适压缩
这个主要针对解码方便, 由于编码可以离线做到.(一些情况要实时那另说)
另外还需的是*压缩比.
所以出现一些压缩算法和格式
2.1 ETC1编码
(给个链接:https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/OES/OES_compressed_ETC1_RGB8_texture.txt)
其中文件头:特征符——编码宽——编码高——实际宽——实际高
ETC还区分出1和2. etc1只存储RGB色，不存储alpha通道值，平均4Bit/像素-4BPP,块上也是划分为4*4的块，每块的颜色组成
2.2 Windows的DXT
是由一对低精度的“基色”来描述一个4x4的RGB像素块，并允许每个像素在这些基色之间指定一个插值
2.3 MACMobile(基于PowerVR显卡)的PVRTC
2.4 A卡的ASTC
编码后格式可以按备注
三、渲染获取纹理中数据
为何不总是直接获取到存放的数据用于展示.
首先来开展示的问题, 这也是会对需要展示的或者说在片元着手阶段(注意这里是发生在屏幕, 也就是其实和我们的分辨率相关)
1、重心坐标
我们的采样点的产生是有重兴坐标计算而来,或者说插值.
2、采样点(UV)再去采样
这里我们就要注意Sample2D后面还会发生什么
让我来看这个图
但将视野想象到像素级上, 不难发现像素距离都是格子(这块区域颜色值)
在没有纳米级(或者说普朗克常数)标记,也就会出现采样点(Float2)和INT问题. 且角度不完全和纹理UV相同锯齿阶梯会更严重.这也就是最近点采样.
所以还没还需要找到映射函数
最近点采样
线性过滤
对四个点做插值混合
三线性过滤
二次过滤
以上是大多处来处理小到大映射问题(如果我们一些情况就是不需要这种近视方式也是可以的), 但我们还需要一个东西, 但这个不一定都要用.
MIPMap
当我们视野空间很接近UV(World下)方向可能出现一种问题, 一个采样点可能覆盖了几个像素.(这就很尴尬)
所以降低下(也就是远处的纹理精度小)
备注: 其实Mipmap还有其他用, 比如用来用图像模拟辐射度时候根据Rough(粗糙度)来获取MipLevel, 然后用模糊的去采样等等.
下面是由近到远的MipMap
没有开启MipMap
密码纹出现(相邻pixel采样的texel都是空间不连续)
开启MipMap后
这里使用Box(没有用Kai)
异性过滤
(可以联想下各项异性的物理含义)
这个主要是用来处理方向上矢量值变化不一致的纹理, 也是一种信号处理手段(各项异性是处理同一空间中相异坐标的质量)
3、反锯齿
超采样
多重采样
四、纹理的信息
这里是UV的计算相关, 和采样后获取的值如何使用总结
常用解码
常用UV计算
备注
备注2:一些格式
Unity设定的:
//
// Summary:
// The format is not specified.
None = 0,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 8-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding.
R8_SRGB = 1,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component stored
// with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1.
R8G8_SRGB = 2,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding in byte 2.
R8G8B8_SRGB = 3,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear
// encoding in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
R8G8B8A8_SRGB = 4,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 8-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component.
R8_UNorm = 5,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component stored
// with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1.
R8G8_UNorm = 6,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.
R8G8B8_UNorm = 7,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
R8G8B8A8_UNorm = 8,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 8-bit signed normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component.
R8_SNorm = 9,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 16-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component stored
// with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1.
R8G8_SNorm = 10,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.
R8G8B8_SNorm = 11,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
R8G8B8A8_SNorm = 12,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 8-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.
R8_UInt = 13,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 16-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.
R8G8_UInt = 14,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.
R8G8B8_UInt = 15,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
R8G8B8A8_UInt = 16,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 8-bit signed integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.
R8_SInt = 17,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 16-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component in
// byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.
R8G8_SInt = 18,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.
R8G8B8_SInt = 19,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
R8G8B8A8_SInt = 20,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 16-bit R
// component.
R16_UNorm = 21,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.
R16G16_UNorm = 22,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 48-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in
// bytes 4..5.
R16G16B16_UNorm = 23,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes
// 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.
R16G16B16A16_UNorm = 24,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 16-bit signed normalized format that has a single 16-bit R component.
R16_SNorm = 25,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.
R16G16_SNorm = 26,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 48-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in
// bytes 4..5.
R16G16B16_SNorm = 27,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes
// 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.
R16G16B16A16_SNorm = 28,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 16-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.
R16_UInt = 29,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.
R16G16_UInt = 30,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 48-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in
// bytes 4..5.
R16G16B16_UInt = 31,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes
// 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.
R16G16B16A16_UInt = 32,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 16-bit signed integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.
R16_SInt = 33,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component in
// bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.
R16G16_SInt = 34,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 48-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in
// bytes 4..5.
R16G16B16_SInt = 35,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes
// 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.
R16G16B16A16_SInt = 36,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 32-bit R component.
R32_UInt = 37,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 64-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.
R32G32_UInt = 38,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 96-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in
// bytes 8..11.
R32G32B32_UInt = 39,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 128-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes
// 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.
R32G32B32A32_UInt = 40,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has a single 32-bit R component.
R32_SInt = 41,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 64-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component in
// bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.
R32G32_SInt = 42,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 96-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in
// bytes 8..11.
R32G32B32_SInt = 43,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 128-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes
// 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.
R32G32B32A32_SInt = 44,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 16-bit signed floating-point format that has a single 16-bit
// R component.
R16_SFloat = 45,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 32-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.
R16G16_SFloat = 46,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 48-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in
// bytes 4..5.
R16G16B16_SFloat = 47,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component
// in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes
// 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.
R16G16B16A16_SFloat = 48,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, 32-bit signed floating-point format that has a single 32-bit
// R component.
R32_SFloat = 49,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, 64-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.
R32G32_SFloat = 50,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 96-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in
// bytes 8..11.
R32G32B32_SFloat = 51,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 128-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component
// in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes
// 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.
R32G32B32A32_SFloat = 52,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding in byte 2.
B8G8R8_SRGB = 56,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component
// stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear
// encoding in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
B8G8R8A8_SRGB = 57,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.
B8G8R8_UNorm = 58,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
B8G8R8A8_UNorm = 59,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.
B8G8R8_SNorm = 60,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
B8G8R8A8_SNorm = 61,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2
B8G8R8_UInt = 62,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
B8G8R8A8_UInt = 63,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 24-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.
B8G8R8_SInt = 64,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit B component
// in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and
// an 8-bit A component in byte 3.
B8G8R8A8_SInt = 65,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit R
// component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit G component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit B component
// in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit A component in bits 0..3.
R4G4B4A4_UNormPack16 = 66,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit B
// component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit G component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit R component
// in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit A component in bits 0..3.
B4G4R4A4_UNormPack16 = 67,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit
// R component in bits 11..15, a 6-bit G component in bits 5..10, and a 5-bit B
// component in bits 0..4.
R5G6B5_UNormPack16 = 68,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit
// B component in bits 11..15, a 6-bit G component in bits 5..10, and a 5-bit R
// component in bits 0..4.
B5G6R5_UNormPack16 = 69,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit R
// component in bits 11..15, a 5-bit G component in bits 6..10, a 5-bit B component
// in bits 1..5, and a 1-bit A component in bit 0.
R5G5B5A1_UNormPack16 = 70,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit B
// component in bits 11..15, a 5-bit G component in bits 6..10, a 5-bit R component
// in bits 1..5, and a 1-bit A component in bit 0.
B5G5R5A1_UNormPack16 = 71,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 1-bit A
// component in bit 15, a 5-bit R component in bits 10..14, a 5-bit G component
// in bits 5..9, and a 5-bit B component in bits 0..4.
A1R5G5B5_UNormPack16 = 72,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 32-bit packed unsigned floating-point format that has a 5-bit
// shared exponent in bits 27..31, a 9-bit B component mantissa in bits 18..26,
// a 9-bit G component mantissa in bits 9..17, and a 9-bit R component mantissa
// in bits 0..8.
E5B9G9R9_UFloatPack32 = 73,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, 32-bit packed unsigned floating-point format that has a 10-bit
// B component in bits 22..31, an 11-bit G component in bits 11..21, an 11-bit R
// component in bits 0..10.
B10G11R11_UFloatPack32 = 74,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A
// component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.
A2B10G10R10_UNormPack32 = 75,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned integer format that has a 2-bit A component
// in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in
// bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.
A2B10G10R10_UIntPack32 = 76,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed signed integer format that has a 2-bit A component
// in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in
// bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.
A2B10G10R10_SIntPack32 = 77,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A
// component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.
A2R10G10B10_UNormPack32 = 78,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned integer format that has a 2-bit A component
// in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in
// bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.
A2R10G10B10_UIntPack32 = 79,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed signed integer format that has a 2-bit A component
// in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in
// bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.
A2R10G10B10_SIntPack32 = 80,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A
// component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9. The components are gamma
// encoded and their values range from -0.5271 to 1.66894. The alpha component is
// clamped to either 0.0 or 1.0 on sampling, rendering, and writing operations.
A2R10G10B10_XRSRGBPack32 = 81,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A
// component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9. The components are linearly
// encoded and their values range from -0.752941 to 1.25098 (pre-expansion). The
// alpha component is clamped to either 0.0 or 1.0 on sampling, rendering, and writing
// operations.
A2R10G10B10_XRUNormPack32 = 82,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit
// R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit
// B component in bits 0..9. The components are gamma encoded and their values range
// from -0.5271 to 1.66894. The alpha component is clamped to either 0.0 or 1.0
// on sampling, rendering, and writing operations.
R10G10B10_XRSRGBPack32 = 83,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit
// R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit
// B component in bits 0..9. The components are linearly encoded and their values
// range from -0.752941 to 1.25098 (pre-expansion).
R10G10B10_XRUNormPack32 = 84,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit
// A component in bits 30..39, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9. The components are gamma
// encoded and their values range from -0.5271 to 1.66894. The alpha component is
// clamped to either 0.0 or 1.0 on sampling, rendering, and writing operations.
A10R10G10B10_XRSRGBPack32 = 85,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, 64-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit
// A component in bits 30..39, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component
// in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9. The components are linearly
// encoded and their values range from -0.752941 to 1.25098 (pre-expansion). The
// alpha component is clamped to either 0.0 or 1.0 on sampling, rendering, and writing
// operations.
A10R10G10B10_XRUNormPack32 = 86,
RGB_DXT1_SRGB = 96,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, block-compressed format. Each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear
// encoding. This format has a 1 bit alpha channel.
RGBA_DXT1_SRGB = 96,
RGB_DXT1_UNorm = 97,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, block-compressed format. Each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format has
// a 1 bit alpha channel.
RGBA_DXT1_UNorm = 97,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding.
RGBA_DXT3_SRGB = 98,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.
RGBA_DXT3_UNorm = 99,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding.
RGBA_DXT5_SRGB = 100,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.
RGBA_DXT5_UNorm = 101,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized red texel data.
R_BC4_UNorm = 102,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized red texel data.
R_BC4_SNorm = 103,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RG texel data with the first
// 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.
RG_BC5_UNorm = 104,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized RG texel data with the first
// 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.
RG_BC5_SNorm = 105,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned floating-point RGB texel data.
RGB_BC6H_UFloat = 106,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed floating-point RGB texel data.
RGB_BC6H_SFloat = 107,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_BC7_SRGB = 108,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_BC7_UNorm = 109,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 8×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_PVRTC_2Bpp_SRGB = 110,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 8×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format
// has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_PVRTC_2Bpp_UNorm = 111,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_PVRTC_4Bpp_SRGB = 112,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format
// has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_PVRTC_4Bpp_UNorm = 113,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 8×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 32 bits encoding alpha values followed by 32 bits encoding RGB values with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding applied.
RGBA_PVRTC_2Bpp_SRGB = 114,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 8×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 32 bits encoding alpha values followed by 32 bits encoding RGB values.
RGBA_PVRTC_2Bpp_UNorm = 115,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 32 bits encoding alpha values followed by 32 bits encoding RGB values with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding applied.
RGBA_PVRTC_4Bpp_SRGB = 116,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, PVRTC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 32 bits encoding alpha values followed by 32 bits encoding RGB values.
RGBA_PVRTC_4Bpp_UNorm = 117,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, ETC compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format has
// no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_ETC_UNorm = 118,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_ETC2_SRGB = 119,
//
// Summary:
// A three-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format
// has no alpha and is considered opaque.
RGB_ETC2_UNorm = 120,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear
// encoding, and provides 1 bit of alpha.
RGB_A1_ETC2_SRGB = 121,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data, and provides 1
// bit of alpha.
RGB_A1_ETC2_UNorm = 122,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with
// sRGB nonlinear encoding applied.
RGBA_ETC2_SRGB = 123,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the
// first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.
RGBA_ETC2_UNorm = 124,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized red texel data.
R_EAC_UNorm = 125,
//
// Summary:
// A one-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized red texel data.
R_EAC_SNorm = 126,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RG texel data with the first 64
// bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.
RG_EAC_UNorm = 127,
//
// Summary:
// A two-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block
// encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized RG texel data with the first 64
// bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.
RG_EAC_SNorm = 128,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC4X4_SRGB = 129,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC4X4_UNorm = 130,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 5×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC5X5_SRGB = 131,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 5×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC5X5_UNorm = 132,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 6×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC6X6_SRGB = 133,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 6×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC6X6_UNorm = 134,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes an 8×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC8X8_SRGB = 135,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes an 8×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC8X8_UNorm = 136,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 10×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC10X10_SRGB = 137,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 10×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC10X10_UNorm = 138,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 12×12 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB
// nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.
RGBA_ASTC12X12_SRGB = 139,
//
// Summary:
// A four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel
// block encodes a 12×12 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.
RGBA_ASTC12X12_UNorm = 140参考引用
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/237940807
https://blog.csdn.net/e295166319/article/details/52622811
https://blogs.unity3d.com/cn/2017/12/15/crunch-compression-of-etc-textures/
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