java基类和超类_java - 抽象基类与具体类作为超类 - 堆栈内存溢出

首选以下场景中的抽象基类：

基类不能与子类一起存在=>基类只是抽象的，不能实例化。

基类不能具有方法的完整或具体实现=>方法的实现是基类是不完整的，只有子类可以提供完整的实现。

基类为方法实现提供了一个模板，但它仍然依赖于Concrete类来完成方法实现 - Template_method_pattern

一个简单的例子来说明上述观点

Shape是抽象的，没有像Rectangle这样的混凝土形状就不能存在。 由于不同的形状具有不同的公式，因此无法在Shape类中实现绘制Shape 。 处理场景的最佳选择：将draw()实现留给子类

abstract class Shape{

int x;

int y;

public Shape(int x,int y){

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

}

public abstract void draw();

}

class Rectangle extends Shape{

public Rectangle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Rectangle using x and y : length * width

System.out.println("draw Rectangle with area:"+ (x * y));

}

}

class Triangle extends Shape{

public Triangle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Triangle using x and y : base * height /2

System.out.println("draw Triangle with area:"+ (x * y) / 2);

}

}

class Circle extends Shape{

public Circle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Circle using x as radius ( PI * radius * radius

System.out.println("draw Circle with area:"+ ( 3.14 * x * x ));

}

}

public class AbstractBaseClass{

public static void main(String args[]){

Shape s = new Rectangle(5,10);

s.draw();

s = new Circle(5,10);

s.draw();

s = new Triangle(5,10);

s.draw();

}

}

输出：

draw Rectangle with area:50

draw Circle with area:78.5

draw Triangle with area:25

上面的代码涵盖了第1点和第2点。如果基类有一些实现并调用子类方法来完成draw()函数，则可以将draw()方法更改为模板方法。

现在使用Template方法模式的相同示例：

abstract class Shape{

int x;

int y;

public Shape(int x,int y){

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

}

public abstract void draw();

// drawShape is template method

public void drawShape(){

System.out.println("Drawing shape from Base class begins");

draw();

System.out.println("Drawing shape from Base class ends");

}

}

class Rectangle extends Shape{

public Rectangle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Rectangle using x and y : length * width

System.out.println("draw Rectangle with area:"+ (x * y));

}

}

class Triangle extends Shape{

public Triangle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Triangle using x and y : base * height /2

System.out.println("draw Triangle with area:"+ (x * y) / 2);

}

}

class Circle extends Shape{

public Circle(int x,int y){

super(x,y);

}

public void draw(){

//Draw Circle using x as radius ( PI * radius * radius

System.out.println("draw Circle with area:"+ ( 3.14 * x * x ));

}

}

public class AbstractBaseClass{

public static void main(String args[]){

Shape s = new Rectangle(5,10);

s.drawShape();

s = new Circle(5,10);

s.drawShape();

s = new Triangle(5,10);

s.drawShape();

}

}

输出：

Drawing shape from Base class begins

draw Rectangle with area:50

Drawing shape from Base class ends

Drawing shape from Base class begins

draw Circle with area:78.5

Drawing shape from Base class ends

Drawing shape from Base class begins

draw Triangle with area:25

Drawing shape from Base class ends

一旦确定必须将方法作为方法abstract ，您有两个选择：用户interface或abstract类。 您可以在interface声明方法，并将abstract类定义为实现interface类。