uboot启动linux kernel的流程

前言

本文在u-boot启动流程分析这篇文章的基础上，简要梳理uboot启动linux kernel的流程。

流程图

其中，

• autoboot_command位于uboot/common/autoboot.c
• run_command_list位于uboot/common/cli.c
• do_bootm位于uboot/cmd/bootm.c
• do_bootm_states位于uboot/common/bootm.c
• do_bootm_linux位于uboot/arch/arm/lib/bootm.c
• boot_prep_linux位于uboot/arch/arm/lib/bootm.c
• boot_jump_linux位于uboot/arch/arm/lib/bootm.c

autoboot_command

void autoboot_command(const char *s)
{
	debug("### main_loop: bootcmd=\"%s\"\n", s ? s : "<UNDEFINED>");

	if (s && (stored_bootdelay == -2 ||
		 (stored_bootdelay != -1 && !abortboot(stored_bootdelay)))) {
		bool lock;
		int prev;

		lock = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED) &&
			!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_AUTOBOOT_KEYED_CTRLC);
		if (lock)
			prev = disable_ctrlc(1); /* disable Ctrl-C checking */

		run_command_list(s, -1, 0);

		if (lock)
			disable_ctrlc(prev);	/* restore Ctrl-C checking */
	}

	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USE_AUTOBOOT_MENUKEY) &&
	    menukey == AUTOBOOT_MENUKEY) {
		s = env_get("menucmd");
		if (s)
			run_command_list(s, -1, 0);
	}
}

其中，abortboot会等待一段时间timeout（由环境变量bootdelay设定），
如果有按键被按下，则会返回1，此时将停止启动linux kernel，返回命令行。如果在timeout后依然无按键被按下，则继续执行启动linux kernel的命令。

run_command_list

run_command_list调用do_bootm的流程实现的关键点：

在上面的代码中,将"bootm"和do_bootm这个函数绑定。

U_BOOT_CMD的定义在uboot/include/command.h中，可以自行查看源代码。

do_bootm

int do_bootm(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *const argv[])
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_MANUAL_RELOC
	static int relocated = 0;

	if (!relocated) {
		int i;

		/* relocate names of sub-command table */
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cmd_bootm_sub); i++)
			cmd_bootm_sub[i].name += gd->reloc_off;

		relocated = 1;
	}
#endif

	/* determine if we have a sub command */
	argc--; argv++;
	if (argc > 0) {
		char *endp;

		simple_strtoul(argv[0], &endp, 16);
		/* endp pointing to NULL means that argv[0] was just a
		 * valid number, pass it along to the normal bootm processing
		 *
		 * If endp is ':' or '#' assume a FIT identifier so pass
		 * along for normal processing.
		 *
		 * Right now we assume the first arg should never be '-'
		 */
		if ((*endp != 0) && (*endp != ':') && (*endp != '#'))
			return do_bootm_subcommand(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);
	}

	return do_bootm_states(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv, BOOTM_STATE_START |
		BOOTM_STATE_FINDOS | BOOTM_STATE_FINDOTHER |
		BOOTM_STATE_LOADOS |
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_RAMDISK_HIGH
		BOOTM_STATE_RAMDISK |
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_MIPS)
		BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE |
#endif
		BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP | BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO |
		BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO, &images, 1);
}

这个函数最核心的部分就是调用do_bootm_states。

do_bootm_states

int do_bootm_states(struct cmd_tbl *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
		    char *const argv[], int states, bootm_headers_t *images,
		    int boot_progress)
{
	boot_os_fn *boot_fn;
	ulong iflag = 0;
	int ret = 0, need_boot_fn;

	images->state |= states;

	/*
	 * Work through the states and see how far we get. We stop on
	 * any error.
	 */
	if (states & BOOTM_STATE_START)
		ret = bootm_start(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);

	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_FINDOS))
		ret = bootm_find_os(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);

	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_FINDOTHER))
		ret = bootm_find_other(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);

	/* Load the OS */
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_LOADOS)) {
		iflag = bootm_disable_interrupts();
		ret = bootm_load_os(images, 0);
		if (ret && ret != BOOTM_ERR_OVERLAP)
			goto err;
		else if (ret == BOOTM_ERR_OVERLAP)
			ret = 0;
	}

	/* Relocate the ramdisk */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_BOOT_RAMDISK_HIGH
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_RAMDISK)) {
		ulong rd_len = images->rd_end - images->rd_start;

		ret = boot_ramdisk_high(&images->lmb, images->rd_start,
			rd_len, &images->initrd_start, &images->initrd_end);
		if (!ret) {
			env_set_hex("initrd_start", images->initrd_start);
			env_set_hex("initrd_end", images->initrd_end);
		}
	}
#endif
#if IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT && defined(CONFIG_LMB)
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_FDT)) {
		boot_fdt_add_mem_rsv_regions(&images->lmb, images->ft_addr);
		ret = boot_relocate_fdt(&images->lmb, &images->ft_addr,
					&images->ft_len);
	}
#endif

	/* From now on, we need the OS boot function */
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	boot_fn = bootm_os_get_boot_func(images->os.os);
	need_boot_fn = states & (BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE |
			BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T | BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP |
			BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO | BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO);
	if (boot_fn == NULL && need_boot_fn) {
		if (iflag)
			enable_interrupts();
		printf("ERROR: booting os '%s' (%d) is not supported\n",
		       genimg_get_os_name(images->os.os), images->os.os);
		bootstage_error(BOOTSTAGE_ID_CHECK_BOOT_OS);
		return 1;
	}


	/* Call various other states that are not generally used */
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE))
		ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE, argc, argv, images);
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T))
		ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T, argc, argv, images);
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP)) {
		ret = bootm_process_cmdline_env(images->os.os == IH_OS_LINUX);
		if (ret) {
			printf("Cmdline setup failed (err=%d)\n", ret);
			ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
			goto err;
		}
		ret = boot_fn(BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP, argc, argv, images);
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE
	/* Pretend to run the OS, then run a user command */
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO)) {
		char *cmd_list = env_get("fakegocmd");

		ret = boot_selected_os(argc, argv, BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO,
				images, boot_fn);
		if (!ret && cmd_list)
			ret = run_command_list(cmd_list, -1, flag);
	}
#endif

	/* Check for unsupported subcommand. */
	if (ret) {
		puts("subcommand not supported\n");
		return ret;
	}

	/* Now run the OS! We hope this doesn't return */
	if (!ret && (states & BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO))
		ret = boot_selected_os(argc, argv, BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO,
				images, boot_fn);

	/* Deal with any fallout */
err:
	if (iflag)
		enable_interrupts();

	if (ret == BOOTM_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED)
		bootstage_error(BOOTSTAGE_ID_DECOMP_UNIMPL);
	else if (ret == BOOTM_ERR_RESET)
		do_reset(cmdtp, flag, argc, argv);

	return ret;
}

该函数的核心部分：

• bootm_load_os将kernel镜像加载到内存中。
• 调用do_bootm_linux启动kernel。

do_bootm_linux

int do_bootm_linux(int flag, int argc, char *const argv[],
		   bootm_headers_t *images)
{
	/* No need for those on ARM */
	if (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_BD_T || flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_CMDLINE)
		return -1;

	if (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_PREP) {
		boot_prep_linux(images);
		return 0;
	}

	if (flag & (BOOTM_STATE_OS_GO | BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO)) {
		boot_jump_linux(images, flag);
		return 0;
	}

	boot_prep_linux(images);
	boot_jump_linux(images, flag);
	return 0;
}

• boot_prep_linux负责准备传递给kernel的参数。
• boot_jump_linux负责跳转执行kernel代码。

boot_prep_linux

static void boot_prep_linux(bootm_headers_t *images)
{
	char *commandline = env_get("bootargs");

	if (IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT && images->ft_len) {
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
		debug("using: FDT\n");
		if (image_setup_linux(images)) {
			printf("FDT creation failed! hanging...");
			hang();
		}
#endif
	} else if (BOOTM_ENABLE_TAGS) {
		debug("using: ATAGS\n");
		setup_start_tag(gd->bd);
		if (BOOTM_ENABLE_SERIAL_TAG)
			setup_serial_tag(&params);
		if (BOOTM_ENABLE_CMDLINE_TAG)
			setup_commandline_tag(gd->bd, commandline);
		if (BOOTM_ENABLE_REVISION_TAG)
			setup_revision_tag(&params);
		if (BOOTM_ENABLE_MEMORY_TAGS)
			setup_memory_tags(gd->bd);
		if (BOOTM_ENABLE_INITRD_TAG) {
			/*
			 * In boot_ramdisk_high(), it may relocate ramdisk to
			 * a specified location. And set images->initrd_start &
			 * images->initrd_end to relocated ramdisk's start/end
			 * addresses. So use them instead of images->rd_start &
			 * images->rd_end when possible.
			 */
			if (images->initrd_start && images->initrd_end) {
				setup_initrd_tag(gd->bd, images->initrd_start,
						 images->initrd_end);
			} else if (images->rd_start && images->rd_end) {
				setup_initrd_tag(gd->bd, images->rd_start,
						 images->rd_end);
			}
		}
		setup_board_tags(&params);
		setup_end_tag(gd->bd);
	} else {
		printf("FDT and ATAGS support not compiled in - hanging\n");
		hang();
	}

	board_prep_linux(images);
}

可以看到，u-boot使用的是tag的方式传参。共计分为以下几类tag:

• setup_serial_tag设定与板子序列号（64位）相关的参数。
• setup_commandline_tag设置命令行启动参数，参数来自环境变量"bootargs"。
• setup_revision_tag 设置修订版本。
• setup_memory_tags设置内存区块相关参数。
• setup_initrd_tag设置ramdisk相关的参数。

注：以上参数并非都是必要的。

boot_jump_linux

static void boot_jump_linux(bootm_headers_t *images, int flag)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64
	void (*kernel_entry)(void *fdt_addr, void *res0, void *res1,
			void *res2);
	int fake = (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO);

	kernel_entry = (void (*)(void *fdt_addr, void *res0, void *res1,
				void *res2))images->ep;

	debug("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %lx)...\n",
		(ulong) kernel_entry);
	bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_RUN_OS);

	announce_and_cleanup(fake);

	if (!fake) {
#ifdef CONFIG_ARMV8_PSCI
		armv8_setup_psci();
#endif
		do_nonsec_virt_switch();

		update_os_arch_secondary_cores(images->os.arch);

#ifdef CONFIG_ARMV8_SWITCH_TO_EL1
		armv8_switch_to_el2((u64)images->ft_addr, 0, 0, 0,
				    (u64)switch_to_el1, ES_TO_AARCH64);
#else
		if ((IH_ARCH_DEFAULT == IH_ARCH_ARM64) &&
		    (images->os.arch == IH_ARCH_ARM))
			armv8_switch_to_el2(0, (u64)gd->bd->bi_arch_number,
					    (u64)images->ft_addr, 0,
					    (u64)images->ep,
					    ES_TO_AARCH32);
		else
			armv8_switch_to_el2((u64)images->ft_addr, 0, 0, 0,
					    images->ep,
					    ES_TO_AARCH64);
#endif
	}
#else
	unsigned long machid = gd->bd->bi_arch_number;
	char *s;
	void (*kernel_entry)(int zero, int arch, uint params);
	unsigned long r2;
	int fake = (flag & BOOTM_STATE_OS_FAKE_GO);

	kernel_entry = (void (*)(int, int, uint))images->ep;
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
	ulong addr = (ulong)kernel_entry | 1;
	kernel_entry = (void *)addr;
#endif
	s = env_get("machid");
	if (s) {
		if (strict_strtoul(s, 16, &machid) < 0) {
			debug("strict_strtoul failed!\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("Using machid 0x%lx from environment\n", machid);
	}

	debug("## Transferring control to Linux (at address %08lx)" \
		"...\n", (ulong) kernel_entry);
	bootstage_mark(BOOTSTAGE_ID_RUN_OS);
	announce_and_cleanup(fake);

	if (IMAGE_ENABLE_OF_LIBFDT && images->ft_len)
		r2 = (unsigned long)images->ft_addr;
	else
		r2 = gd->bd->bi_boot_params;

	if (!fake) {
#ifdef CONFIG_ARMV7_NONSEC
		if (armv7_boot_nonsec()) {
			armv7_init_nonsec();
			secure_ram_addr(_do_nonsec_entry)(kernel_entry,
							  0, machid, r2);
		} else
#endif
			kernel_entry(0, machid, r2);
	}
#endif
}

• r2 = gd->bd->bi_boot_params; 是将TAG列表所在的内存地址赋值给通用寄存器R2。

• kernel_entry(0, machid, r2); 跳转执行kernel的代码（自此uboot的使命完成，生命周期结束）。

综上，Uboot传递给linux kernel的参数是通过R2传递的。当linux kernel启动后，会从R2中拿到TAG列表的地址，然后将TAG参数解析出来使用。