gstreamer学习（1）——运行第一个hello word

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39592381/article/details/134676487

环境

host使用Ubuntu 22.04
使用ubuntu 20.04安装组件失败，导致无法编译，所以建议直接升级22.04
首先需要安装gstreamer组件：

sudo apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-qt5 gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio

下载gstreamer代码：

git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/gstreamer/gstreamer

编译第一个hello word程序：
代码路径在：subprojects/gst-docs/examples/tutorials下，编译命令：

gcc basic-tutorial-1.c -o basic-tutorial-1 `pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-1.0`

这是基础的编译命令，如果你需要其他的gstreamer组件，可以在后面加上所需组件，比如video组件：gstreamer-video-1.0

运行结果：

代码

源代码如下：
（在官网或者gstreamer安装包也可以找到）

#include <gst/gst.h>

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#endif

int
tutorial_main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  GstElement *pipeline;
  GstBus *bus;
  GstMessage *msg;

  /* Initialize GStreamer */
  gst_init (&argc, &argv);

  /* Build the pipeline */
  pipeline =
      gst_parse_launch
      ("playbin uri=https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/data/media/sintel_trailer-480p.webm",
      NULL);

  /* Start playing */
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);

  /* Wait until error or EOS */
  bus = gst_element_get_bus (pipeline);
  msg =
      gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered (bus, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE,
      GST_MESSAGE_ERROR | GST_MESSAGE_EOS);

  /* See next tutorial for proper error message handling/parsing */
  if (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (msg) == GST_MESSAGE_ERROR) {
    g_error ("An error occurred! Re-run with the GST_DEBUG=*:WARN environment "
        "variable set for more details.");
  }

  /* Free resources */
  gst_message_unref (msg);
  gst_object_unref (bus);
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
  gst_object_unref (pipeline);
  return 0;
}

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
#if defined(__APPLE__) && TARGET_OS_MAC && !TARGET_OS_IPHONE
  return gst_macos_main (tutorial_main, argc, argv, NULL);
#else
  return tutorial_main (argc, argv);
#endif
}

分析（来自官网）

  /* Initialize GStreamer */
  gst_init (&argc, &argv);

这条语句必须作为第一条gstreamer语句，在这个函数中，会做如下事情：

初始化所有的内部数据结构
检查哪些插件可用
执行命令传入的option

  pipeline =
      gst_parse_launch
      ("playbin uri=https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/data/media/sintel_trailer-480p.webm",
      NULL);

通常构建pipeline是通过手动指定内部element完成的，但是如果pipeline比较简单，直接调用gst_parse_launch()函数构建也可以。调用gst_parse_launch()函数构建只有一个元素的pipeline是通过playbin实现的，playbin是一个特殊的元素，它即是sink又是source，并且包含所有必须的元素。

不止是网址，也可以是 http:// or file://也可以当作playbin的参数

  /* Start playing */
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);

开始播放视频

  /* Wait until error or EOS */
  bus = gst_element_get_bus (pipeline);
  msg =
      gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered (bus, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE,
      GST_MESSAGE_ERROR | GST_MESSAGE_EOS);

先获取当前pipeline的bus，然后从bus中获取通知消息（此处获取的ERROR和EOS），这个接口是阻塞式的

  /* Free resources */
  gst_message_unref (msg);
  gst_object_unref (bus);
  gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
  gst_object_unref (pipeline);
  return 0;