编译器在编译时先做处理:
①case仅仅有一种情况。直接转成if。
②假设仅仅有一个case和default,则直接转换为if...else...。
③有多个case。先将String转换为hashCode,然后相应的进行处理,JavaCode在底层兼容Java7曾经版本号。
2. 数字字面量的改进
①添加二进制表示
Java7前支持十进制(123)、八进制(0123)、十六进制(0X12AB)
Java7添加二进制表示(0B11110001、0b11110001)
②数字中可加入分隔符
Java7中支持在数字量中间添加'_'作为分隔符。更直观,如(12_123_456)。下划线仅仅能在数字中间。编译时编译器自己主动删除数字中的下划线。
3. 异常处理
①Throwable类添加addSuppressed方法和getSuppressed方法。支持原始异常中加入被抑制的异常。
异常抑制:在try和finally中同一时候抛出异常时,finally中抛出的异常会在异常栈中向上传递,而try中产生的原始异常会消失。
在Java7之前的版本号,能够将原始异常保存。在finally中产生异常时抛出原始异常:
Java代码 public void read(String filename) throws BaseException {
FileInputStream input = null;
IOException readException = null;
try {
input = new FileInputStream(filename);
} catch (IOException ex) {
readException = ex; //保存原始异常
} finally {
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
if (readException == null) {
readException = ex;
}
}
}
if (readException != null) {
throw new BaseException(readException);
}
}
}在Java7中的版本号,能够使用addSuppressed方法记录被抑制的异常:
Java代码 public void read(String filename) throws IOException {
FileInputStream input = null;
IOException readException = null;
try {
input = new FileInputStream(filename);
} catch (IOException ex) {
readException = ex;
} finally {
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
if (readException != null) { //此处的差别
readException.addSuppressed(ex);
}
else {
readException = ex;
}
}
}
if (readException != null) {
throw readException;
}
}
}②catch子句能够同一时候捕获多个异常
Java代码 public void testSequence() {
try {
Integer.parseInt("Hello");
}
catch (NumberFormatException | RuntimeException e) { //使用'|'切割,多个类型,一个对象e
}
}③try-with-resources语句
Java7之前须要在finally中关闭socket、文件、数据库连接等资源;
Java7中在try语句中申请资源,实现资源的自己主动释放(资源类必须实现java.lang.AutoCloseable接口,一般的文件、数据库连接等均已实现该接口,close方法将被自己主动调用)。
Java代码 public void read(String filename) throws IOException {
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(filename))) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String line = null;
while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
builder.append(line);
builder.append(String.format("%n"));
}
return builder.toString();
}
}try子句中能够管理多个资源:
Java代码public void copyFile(String fromPath, String toPath) throws IOException {
try ( InputStream input = new FileInputStream(fromPath);
OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(toPath) ) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
int len = -1;
while( (len=input.read(buffer))!=-1 ) {
output.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
}
}4. 变长參数方法的优化
Java7之前版本号中的变长參数方法:
Java代码 public int sum(int... args) {
int result = 0;
for (int value : args) {
result += value;
}
return result;
}
对collections的支持
Java代码
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("item");
String item = list.get(0);
Set set = new HashSet();
set.add("item");
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("key", 1);
int value = map.get("key");
如今你还能够:
List list = ["item"];
String item = list[0];
Set set = {"item"};
Map map = {"key" : 1};
int value = map["key"];
2.自己主动资源管理
原来:
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
try {
return br.readLine();
} finally {
br.close();
}
如今:
try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path)) {
return br.readLine();
}
//You can declare more than one resource to close:
try (
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(src);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dest))
{
// code
}
3.对通用实例创建(diamond)的type引用进行了改进
原来:
Map> anagrams = new HashMap>();
如今:
Map> anagrams = new HashMap<>();
4.数值可加下划线
int one_million = 1_000_000;
6.二进制文字
int binary = 0b1001_1001;
异常catch能够一次处理完而不像曾经一层层的surround;
public void newMultiCatch() {
try {
methodThatThrowsThreeExceptions();
} catch (ExceptionOne | ExceptionTwo | ExceptionThree e) {
// log and deal with all Exceptions
}
}文件读写 会自己主动关闭流而不像曾经那样须要在finally中显式close。public void newTry() {
try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("movies.txt");
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(fos)) {
dos.writeUTF("Java 7 Block Buster");
} catch (IOException e) {
// log the exception
}
}