of介词短语作定语_英语句子成分详解：定语

小初高英语在线辅导​edubei.taobao.com

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，叫定语，也称之为名词的修饰语。

与现代汉语的定语都是前置的所不同的是，英语的定语可以前置，也可以后置。

独立的单词作定语时，习惯上放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语；短语或句子（定语从句）作定语时，应放在被修饰的词后面，作后置定语。

能担任定语的有：

形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格（'s 或 of …）、分词（短语）、动名词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）、介词短语、冠词以及名词性从句（定语从句）。

例如：

1、冠词

Mr. Smith gave me a book..

2、形容词

The beautiful picture was drawn by a famous artist.

3、代词

Our teacher is coming.(形容词性物主代词)

Which book is mine.(疑问代词)

4、数词

Mike has two brothers.(基数词)

Jim sits in the third row.(序数词)

5、名词

The apple trees were planted 3 years ago.

The women doctors are from Beijing.

Group One are girl students and Group Two are boy students.

We met some men workers in the factory.

6、名词所有格

Mary's brother is an engineer.

These are some photos of my father.(名词所有格作后置定语，爸爸本人的片)

These are some photos of my father's.(名词所有格作后置定语，爸爸收藏的照片)

7、副词

The people there are very friendly.(地点副词作后置定语)

The newspaper today is sold out.(时间副词作后置定语)

Would you like anything else?（后置定语）

8、介词短语

The boy under the tree is Jack. (介词短语作后置定语)

I'd like to write an article about teenagers around the world.

Now children in cities and villages can get a good education.

Canada is a country with a lot of snow in winter.

9、分词

The destroyed bridge was rebuilt last winter. (过去分词)

I know a boy called Tom.（过去分词短语作后置定语）

The flying birds are moving towards the south because of the coming winter. (现在分词)

The car running in the playground is my uncle's.(现在分词短语作后置定语)

It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries.

I lived in a small mountain town called Fairmont.

10、动词不定式

At last, we had nothing to eat but a little water.(动词不定式作后置定语)

In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education.

She has two children to take care of.(动词不定式短语作后置定语)

They worked day and night and never had enough food to eat.

11、动名词

I often go to the reading room in the evening.(动名词)

The habit eating too much is not good for your health.(动名词短语作后置定语)

12、定语从句

I know the 2 boys who broken the window yesterday.(定语从句)

△ 后置定语的使用情形：

1、短语作定语时应后置。

The girl in a hat.

戴帽子的那个女孩。

The boy swimming in the river.

在河里游泳的那个男孩。

a city called Beijing .

一个叫北京的城市

2、副词作定语时应后置

（1）表示时间或地点的副词

the newspaper yesterday　昨天的报纸

作定语时应后置。常见的有：

the people here 这里的人民

today , yesterday , the food there 那里的食物

tomorrow，here, there, the words below 下面的单词

bellow,above,upstairs, the room upstairs 楼上的那个房间

downstairs, abroad 。

（2）副词else 与不定代词、 what else , anything else ,

疑问代词连用作定语时应后置。 somebody else 。

（３）不定代词的定语应后置。

例如：

something,anything,nothing。

something new 一些新的东西

anything to drink 一些（任何）喝的东西

nothing important 没有什么重要的东西

３、基数词、英文字母作定语

No. One 第一个 ；

表示排序时应后置。

Book One 第一册 ；

Section A A 部分；

Picture C 第C 幅图 　　　　

４、enough 作形容词修饰名词时，可放在名词之前，也可以放在其后。

They worked day and night and never had enough food /food enoughto eat.

他们过去日夜劳作，却没有足够的食物。

５、定语从句放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

I like to have friends who are different from me.

I don't like those who are selfish.

△ 动词不定式作定语时，与所修饰的词通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：

Please give me something to eat.

存在的逻辑动宾关系是：

to eat something;

There is no chair sit to sit on.

存在的逻辑动宾关系是：

to sit on the chair;

所以介词 on 不能省略；

△ 名词作定语时一般不需要与其所修饰的词在数上保持一致，但是man 和woman 作定语时应和其所的名词在数上保持一致。例如：

An apple tree, three apple trees ; a bus driver, some bus drivers ;

a man worker , two men workers ; many women teachers .

△ 现在分词、过去分词以及动名词作定语时的区别：

现在分词表示主动意义，表示所修饰的词正在进行的动作；

过去分词表示被动意义，表示所修饰的名词所施加的被动动作已完成；

动名词虽然在形式上与现在分词一样，但是不表示动作，而是表示所修饰的名词的内容或用途。

△ 相互之间意义独立的形容词修饰共同的名词时，一律放在前面。例如：

a beautiful young American girl ; an English training school.