匿名用户
1级
2017-12-02 回答
1. 数据库版本:阿里云RDS MySQL5.1
mysql> select @@version;
+-------------------------------+
| @@version |
+-------------------------------+
| 5.1.61-Alibaba-rds-201404-log |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2. 测试的表结构信息
mysql> show create table tb2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tb2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tb2` (
`a` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`b` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`c` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`d` varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3. 测试加索引
(1)添加单列索引,能够添加成功(报出warning),但实际添加的是前缀索引。
mysql> alter table tb2 add index idx1 (d);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1071 | Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes |
| Warning | 1071 | Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
表结构信息:
mysql> show create table tb2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tb2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tb2` (
`a` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`b` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`c` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`d` varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL,
KEY `idx1` (`d`(333))
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2)添加组合索引,会执行失败。
mysql> alter table tb2 add index idx1 (a,b);
ERROR 1071 (42000): Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes
4. 分析
myisam存储引擎在创建索引的时候,索引键长度是有一个较为严格的长度限制的,所有索引键最大长度总和不能超过1000,而且不是实际数据长度的总和,而是索引键字段定义长度的总和。
主要字符集的计算方式:
latin1 = 1 byte = 1 character
uft8 = 3 byte = 1 character
gbk = 2 byte = 1 character