Hibernate查询语言 HQL

于 2019-03-01 23:35:36 发布
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分类专栏： MySQL Java Web 文章标签： Hibernate HQL
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39663138/article/details/88070925
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简单记录以下第一次测试 HQL 的步骤和注意事项

建表

建一个最简单的表，这里我建立的是employee，内容如下：
在这里插入图片描述

新建项目

项目需要web支持和hibernate支持，新建项目之后，配置好hibernate，连接数据库，自动生成Employee.java和Employee.hbm.xml，展示几个文件的代码：

Employee.java

package com.wyx.HQL;

import javax.persistence.Basic;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.util.Objects;

@Entity
public class Employee {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int age;

    @Id
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Basic
    @Column(name = "name", nullable = false, length = 45)
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Basic
    @Column(name = "sex", nullable = false, length = 5)
    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Basic
    @Column(name = "age", nullable = false)
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Employee employee = (Employee) o;
        return id == employee.id &&
                age == employee.age &&
                Objects.equals(name, employee.name) &&
                Objects.equals(sex, employee.sex);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(id, name, sex, age);
    }
}

Employee.hbm.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>

    <class name="com.wyx.HQL.Employee" table="employee" schema="hibernate">
        <id name="id">
            <column name="id" sql-type="int(10) unsigned"/>
        </id>
        <property name="name">
            <column name="name" sql-type="varchar(45)" length="45"/>
        </property>
        <property name="sex">
            <column name="sex" sql-type="varchar(5)" length="5"/>
        </property>
        <property name="age">
            <column name="age" sql-type="int(10) unsigned"/>
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <property name="connection.username">temp</property>
    <property name="connection.password">temp</property>
    <mapping class="com.wyx.HQL.Employee"/>
    <mapping resource="com/wyx/HQL/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
编写测试的Servlet

QueryEmployeeServlet.java

package com.wyx.HQL;

import com.wyx.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class QueryEmployeeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("hello!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        Session session = null;
        List emplist = new ArrayList();
        try {
            session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
            String hql = "from Employee emp where emp.sex='n'";
            Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
            emplist = query.list();
        }catch (HibernateException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("查询失败");
        }finally {
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }
        request.setAttribute("emplist", emplist);
        RequestDispatcher rd = this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp");
        rd.forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

里面需要用到HibernateUtil.java文件，如下：

Hibernate.java

package com.wyx.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
    static {
        try {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();  // 加载 Hibernate 配置文件
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取 Session
    public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = threadLocal.get();
        if (session == null || !session.isOpen()){
            if (sessionFactory == null){
                rebuildSessionFactory();
            }
            session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession() : null;
            threadLocal.set(session);
        }
        return session;
    }

    /**
     *  重建会话工厂
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory(){
        try {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取 SessionFactory 对象
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    // 关闭 session
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException{
        Session session = threadLocal.get();
        threadLocal.set(null);
        if (session != null){
            session.close();  // 关闭 Session
        }
    }
}
修改web.xml页面

需要修改web.xml页面，将初始页改为请求Servlet，不然会重复访问index.jsp，报错

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>QueryEmployeeServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wyx.HQL.QueryEmployeeServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>QueryEmployeeServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/QueryEmployeeServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>QueryEmployeeServlet</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
index.jsp

最后效果检验的页面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: yuxuan
  Date: 2019/3/1
  Time: 19:38
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
  <title>员工信息列表</title>
  <style type="text/css">
    table{
      border-left: 5px solid #ffffff;
      border-collapse: collapse;
    }
    td{
      font: normal 12px/ 17px Arial;
      padding: 2px;
    }
    th{
      font: bold 12px/ 17px Arial;
      padding: 4px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #333;
    }
    body{
      font-size: 14px;
    }
    #main{
      width: 500px;
      border: solid 1px #000000;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="main">
  <table>
    <tr>
      <th width="30px">id: </th>
      <th width="30px">name: </th>
      <th width="30px">sex: </th>
      <th width="30px">age: </th>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach items="${emplist}" var="list">
      <tr>
        <td align="center">${list.id}</td>
        <td>${list.name}</td>
        <td>${list.sex}</td>
        <td>${list.age}</td>
      </tr>
    </c:forEach>
  </table>
</div>

</body>
</html>

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

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