python rest api和视图函数区别_Django REST framework 视图和路由详解

DRF中的Request

在Django REST Framework中内置的Request类扩展了Django中的Request类，实现了很多方便的功能--如请求数据解析和认证等。

比如，区别于Django中的request从request.GET中获取URL参数，从request.POST中取某些情况下的POST数据。

在APIView中封装的request，就实现了请求数据的解析：

对于GET请求的参数我们通过request.query_params来获取。

对于POST请求、PUT请求的数据我们通过request.data来获取。

前提

序列化

from rest_framework import serializers

from app01 import models

class CommentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:

model = models.Comment

fields = "__all__"

extra_kwargs = {

"content": {"error_messages": {"required": "评论内容不能为空"}},

"article": {"error_messages": {"required": "文章不能为空"}}

}

class SchoolSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:

model = models.School

fields = "__all__"

第一阶段：手垒代码

视图

from rest_framework.views import APIView

class SchoolView(APIView):

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

query_set = models.School.objects.all()

ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(query_set, many=True)

return Response(ser_obj.data)

class SchoolDetail(APIView):

def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):

obj = models.School.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

ser_obj = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer(obj)

return Response(ser_obj.data)

第二阶段：简单使用rest formwork自带混合类方法

视图

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView # 公共类

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin # 混合类 必须与公共类搭配着使用

class SchoolView(GenericAPIView, mixins.ListModelMixin): # 查看学校列表

queryset = models.School.objects.all()

serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

class SchoolDetail(GenericAPIView, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin): # 创建，与具体查出某一条记录

queryset = models.School.objects.all()

serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

def get(self, request, pk, *args, **kwargs):

return self.retrieve(request, pk, *args, **kwargs)

def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view()),

url(r'school/(?P\d+)/$', views.SchoolDetail.as_view()),

第三阶段：使用rest formwork自带的通用类方法

视图

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIVie

class SchoolView(ListCreateAPIView): # 创建

queryset = models.School.objects.all()

serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

class SchoolDetail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # 更新

queryset = models.School.objects.all()

serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由同上

第四阶段：使用rest formwork自带的封装所有放的类，代码量最少，功能最全

视图

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 里面封装了操作的所有方法，增删改查查

class SchoolView(ModelViewSet):

queryset = models.School.objects.all()

serializer_class = app01_serializers.SchoolSerializer

路由

url(r'school/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={

"get": "list",

"post": "create",

})),

url(r'school/(?P\d+)/$', views.SchoolView.as_view(actions={

'get': 'retrieve',

'put': 'update',

'patch': 'partial_update',

'delete': 'destroy'

})),

高级路由

视图

同上

路由

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()

router.register(r'school', views.SchoolView)

urlpatterns += router.urls

精华：流程图

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。