python字符串的常用方法_Python中字符串常用的方法

capitalize()方法返回一个字符串的copy，并且这个字符串的首字母大写。例如：

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print "str.capitalize() : ", str.capitalize()

#output result

str.capitalize() : This is string example....wow!!!

count()方法返回子串在指定范围内出现的次数。例如：

str.count(sub,start=0,end=len(string))

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

sub = "i";

print "str.count(sub, 4, 40) : ", str.count(sub, 4, 40)

sub = "wow";

print "str.count(sub) : ", str.count(sub)

#output result

str.count(sub, 4, 40) : 2

str.count(sub, 4, 40) : 1

endswith()判断在指定范围内，是否以子串结束。例如：

startswith()

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

suffix = "wow!!!";

print str.endswith(suffix);

print str.endswith(suffix,20);

suffix = "is";

print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 4);

print str.endswith(suffix, 2, 6);

#output result

True

True

True

False

find() 返回子串在指定范围内首次出现的位置，未查到返回-1。例如：

str.find(str,beg=0,end=len(string))

str1 = "this is string example....wow!!!";

str2 = "exam";

print str1.find(str2);

print str1.find(str2, 10);

print str1.find(str2, 40);

#result

15

15

-1

index()返回子串在指定范围内首次出现的位置，未查到抛出异常。例如：

str.index(str,beg=0end=len(string))

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

str = "exam";

print str.index(str);

print str.index(str, 10);

print str.index(str, 40);

#result

15

15

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "test.py", line 8, in

print str.index(str, 40);

ValueError: substring not found

isalnum()判断字符串是否全是字母和数字(要么全是字母，要么全是数字，要么全是数字和字母)例如：

str.isa1num()

str = "this2009"; # No space in this string

print str.isalnum();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.isalnum();

#result

True

False

isalpha()方法判断字符串内容全是字母。例如：

str.isalpha()

str = "this"; # No space & digit in this string

print str.isalpha();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.isalpha();

#result

True

False

isdecimal()和isnumeric()判断字符串是否全是数字，该字符串必须是unicode object。例如：

str.isdecimal()

str = u"this2009";

print str.isdecimal();

str = u"23443434";

print str.isdecimal();

#result

False

True

isdigit()判断字符串全部为数字。例如：

str.isdigit()

str = "123456"; # Only digit in this string

print str.isdigit();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.isdigit();

#result

True

False

islower()判断字符串中所有的字母是否都是小写。isupper()判断字符串中所有的字母是否都是大写。例如:

str.islower()

str = "THIS is string example....wow!!!";

print str.islower();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.islower();

#result

False

True

isspace()判断字符串是否全是空白符，例如：

str.isspace()

str = " \t\n"; #include tab,space

print str.isspace();

str = "This is string example....wow!!!";

print str.isspace();

#result

True

False

istitle()判断字符串中，每个单词的首字母是否都是大写。例如:

str.istitle()

str = "This Is String Example...Wow!!!";

print str.istitle();

str = "This is string example....wow!!!";

print str.istitle();

#result

True

False

join()通过特殊字符把字符串连接起来，例如：

str.join(sequence)

str = "-";

seq = ("a", "b", "c"); # This is sequence of strings.

print str.join( seq );

#result

a-b-c

len(str)计算字符串的长度。

str.lower()把所有的大写字母转成小写。

str.upper()把所有的小写字母转成大写。

swapcase()方法是把字符串中的小写转成大写，大写转成小写。例如

str.swapcase();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.swapcase();

str = "THIS IS STRING EXAMPLE....WOW!!!";

print str.swapcase();

#result

THIS IS STRING EXAMPLE....WOW!!!

this is string example....wow!!!

lstrip()去除掉字符串左边规定的字符，默认是空格。例如：

rstrip()去除掉字符串右边规定的字符，默认是空格。

strip()去除掉两边规定的字符，默认是空格

str.rstrip([chars])

str.lstrip([chars])

str.strip([chars]);

str = " this is string example....wow!!! ";

print str.lstrip();

str = "88888888this is string example....wow!!!8888888";

print str.lstrip('8');

#result

this is string example....wow!!!

this is string example....wow!!!8888888

str = " this is string example....wow!!! ";

print str.rstrip();

str = "88888888this is string example....wow!!!8888888";

print str.rstrip('8');

#result

this is string example....wow!!!

88888888this is string example....wow!!!

maketrans()看例子吧：例子中实际上是把对应的字母替换成数字。

str.maketrans(intab,outtab]);

from string import maketrans # Required to call maketrans function.

intab = "aeiou"

outtab = "12345"

trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.translate(trantab);

#result

th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!

max()返回字符串中最大的字母。例如：

max(str)

str = "this is really a string example....wow!!!";

print "Max character: " + max(str);

str = "this is a string example....wow!!!";

print "Max character: " + max(str);

#result

Max character: y

Max character: x

replace()用新字符替换旧字符

str.replace(old,new[,max]) max表示替换的个数

str = "this is string example....wow!!! this is really string";

print str.replace("is", "was");

print str.replace("is", "was", 3);

#result

thwas was string example....wow!!! thwas was really string

thwas was string example....wow!!! thwas is really string

rfind()返回指定指定范围内，子串最后出现的索引，找不到返回-1。例如：

str.rfind(str,beg=0end=len(string))

str = "this is really a string example....wow!!!";

str1 = "is";

print str.rfind(str1);

print str.rfind(str1, 0, 10);

print str.rfind(str1, 10, 0);

print str.find(str1);

print str.find(str1, 0, 10);

print str.find(str1, 10, 0);

#result

5

5

-1

2

2

-1

rjust()看例子吧：

str.rjust(width[,fillchar])

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.rjust(50, '0');

#result

000000000000000000this is string example....wow!!!

zfill()用“0”进行填充。看例子吧：

str.zfill(width)

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.zfill(40);

print str.zfill(50);

#result

00000000this is string example....wow!!!

000000000000000000this is string example....wow!!!

split()按指定的分隔符分隔字符串，最终返回一个列表。例如：

str.split(str="",num=string.count(str)).num代表分隔的次数

str = "Line1-abcdef \nLine2-abc \nLine4-abcd";

print str.split( );

print str.split(' ', 1 );

#result

['Line1-abcdef', 'Line2-abc', 'Line4-abcd']

['Line1-abcdef', '\nLine2-abc \nLine4-abcd']

title()把字符串中每个单词的首字母大写。例如：

str.title();

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.title();

#result

This Is String Example....Wow!

translate()看例子吧

str.translate(table[,deletechars]);

from string import maketrans # Required to call maketrans function.

intab = "aeiou"

outtab = "12345"

trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)

str = "this is string example....wow!!!";

print str.translate(trantab, 'xm');

#result

th3s 3s str3ng 21pl2....w4w!!!