STM32自定义USB设备开发详细流程讲解及全套资料源码下载（基于libusb）

前言 USB的用途就不多说了，下面的内容主要就是讲解如何利用ST提供的USB驱动库和libusb上位机驱动库实现一个USB数据传输功能，为了降低开发难度，我们仅仅讲解Bulk传输模式，当然这也是用得比较多的传输模式。 开发流程 1，完成STM32单片机端的USB程序； 2，利用linusb自带的inf-wizard工具生成USB驱动； 3，基于libusb编写USB通信程序； 4，测试PC和单片机的数据通信； STM32程序编写 1，完成描述符的修改，修改后的描述符如下（在usb_desc.c文件中） 设备描述符： [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 const uint8_t CustomHID_DeviceDescriptor[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_DEVICE_DESC] = {     0x12,                       /*bLength */     USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /*bDescriptorType*/     0x00,                       /*bcdUSB */     0x02,     0x00,                       /*bDeviceClass*/     0x00,                       /*bDeviceSubClass*/     0x00,                       /*bDeviceProtocol*/     0x40,                       /*bMaxPacketSize40*/     LOBYTE(USBD_VID),           /*idVendor*/     HIBYTE(USBD_VID),           /*idVendor*/     LOBYTE(USBD_PID),           /*idVendor*/     HIBYTE(USBD_PID),           /*idVendor*/     0x00,                       /*bcdDevice rel. 2.00*/     0x02,     1,                          /*Index of string descriptor describing manufacturer */     2,                          /*Index of string descriptor describing product*/     3,                          /*Index of string descriptor describing the device serial number */     0x01                        /*bNumConfigurations*/ }; /* CustomHID_DeviceDescriptor */ 配置描述符： [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 const uint8_t CustomHID_ConfigDescriptor[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_CONFIG_DESC] = {     0x09, /* bLength: Configuation Descriptor size */     USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /* bDescriptorType: Configuration */     CUSTOMHID_SIZ_CONFIG_DESC,     /* wTotalLength: Bytes returned */     0x00,     0x01,         /* bNumInterfaces: 1 interface */     0x01,         /* bConfigurationValue: Configuration value */     0x00,         /* iConfiguration: Index of string descriptor describing                                  the configuration*/     0xE0,         /* bmAttributes: Bus powered */                   /*Bus powered: 7th bit, Self Powered: 6th bit, Remote wakeup: 5th bit, reserved: 4..0 bits */     0xFA,         /* MaxPower 500 mA: this current is used for detecting Vbus */     /************** Descriptor of Custom HID interface ****************/     /* 09 */     0x09,         /* bLength: Interface Descriptor size */     USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,/* bDescriptorType: Interface descriptor type */     0x00,         /* bInterfaceNumber: Number of Interface */     0x00,         /* bAlternateSetting: Alternate setting */     0x04,         /* bNumEndpoints */     0xDC,         /* bInterfaceClass: Class code = 0DCH */     0xA0,         /* bInterfaceSubClass : Subclass code = 0A0H */     0xB0,         /* nInterfaceProtocol : Protocol code = 0B0H */     0,            /* iInterface: Index of string descriptor */     /******************** endpoint descriptor ********************/     /* 18 */     0x07,         /* endpoint descriptor length = 07H */     USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /* endpoint descriptor type = 05H */     0x81,         /* endpoint 1 IN */     0x02,                                        /* bulk transfer = 02H */     0x40,0x00,    /* endpoint max packet size = 0040H */     0x00,         /* the value is invalid when bulk transfer */       0x07,         /* endpoint descriptor length = 07H */     USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /* endpoint descriptor type = 05H */     0x01,         /* endpoint 1 OUT */     0x02,                                        /* bulk transfer = 02H */     0x40,0x00,    /* endpoint max packet size = 0040H */     0x00,         /* the value is invalid when bulk transfer */                       0x07,         /* endpoint descriptor length = 07H */     USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /* endpoint descriptor type = 05H */     0x82,         /* endpoint 2 IN */     0x02,                                        /* bulk transfer = 02H */     0x40,0x00,    /* endpoint max packet size = 0040H */     0x00,         /* the value is invalid when bulk transfer */                       0x07,         /* endpoint descriptor length = 07H */     USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE, /* endpoint descriptor type = 05H */     0x02,         /* endpoint 2 OUT */     0x02,                                        /* bulk transfer = 02H */     0x40,0x00,    /* endpoint max packet size = 0040H */     0x00,         /* the value is invalid when bulk transfer */ }; /* CustomHID_ConfigDescriptor */ 配置描述符就包含了端点描述符，我们用了4个端点，两个BULK-OUT端点，两个BULK-IN端点。 其他的描述符： [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 /* USB String Descriptors (optional) */ const uint8_t CustomHID_StringLangID[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_LANGID] = {     CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_LANGID,     USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,     0x09,     0x04 }; /* LangID = 0x0409: U.S. English */   const uint8_t CustomHID_StringVendor[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_VENDOR] = {     CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_VENDOR, /* Size of Vendor string */     USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,  /* bDescriptorType*/     // Manufacturer: "STMicroelectronics"     'M', 0, 'y', 0, 'U', 0,'S', 0,'B', 0, '_', 0, 'H', 0,'I',0,'D',0 };   const uint8_t CustomHID_StringProduct[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_PRODUCT] = {     CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_PRODUCT,          /* bLength */     USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,        /* bDescriptorType */     'B', 0, 'y', 0, ' ', 0, 'e', 0, 'm', 0, 'b', 0,'e',0,'d',0,'-',0,'n',0,'e',0,'t',0 }; uint8_t CustomHID_StringSerial[CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_SERIAL] = {     CUSTOMHID_SIZ_STRING_SERIAL,           /* bLength */     USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,        /* bDescriptorType */     'x', 0, 'x', 0, 'x', 0,'x', 0,'x', 0, 'x', 0, 'x', 0 }; 2，根据端点缓冲区大小配置端点缓冲区地址，配置信息如下（在usb_conf.h文件中）： [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 /* buffer table base address */ #define BTABLE_ADDRESS      (0x00)   /* EP0  */ /* rx/tx buffer base address */ #define ENDP0_RXADDR        (0x18) #define ENDP0_TXADDR        (0x58)   /* EP1  */ /* tx buffer base address */ //地址为32位对其,位4的倍数，不能超过 bMaxPacketSize //EP1 #define ENDP1_RXADDR        (0x98) #define ENDP1_TXADDR        (0x98+64) EP2 #define ENDP2_RXADDR        (0xA0+64+64) #define ENDP2_TXADDR        (0xA0+64+64+64) 3，初始化每个端点（在usb_prop.c文件中的CustomHID_Reset函数中） [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 /* Initialize Endpoint 0 */ SetEPType(ENDP0, EP_CONTROL); SetEPTxStatus(ENDP0, EP_TX_STALL); SetEPRxAddr(ENDP0, ENDP0_RXADDR); SetEPTxAddr(ENDP0, ENDP0_TXADDR); Clear_Status_Out(ENDP0); SetEPRxCount(ENDP0, Device_Property.MaxPacketSize); SetEPRxValid(ENDP0);   /* Initialize Endpoint 1 */        SetEPType(ENDP1, EP_BULK);        SetEPRxAddr(ENDP1, ENDP1_RXADDR);        SetEPTxAddr(ENDP1, ENDP1_TXADDR);        SetEPRxCount(ENDP1, EP_SIZE);        SetEPRxStatus(ENDP1, EP_RX_VALID);  SetEPTxStatus(ENDP1, EP_TX_NAK);   /* Initialize Endpoint 2 */        SetEPType(ENDP2, EP_BULK);        SetEPRxAddr(ENDP2, ENDP2_RXADDR);        SetEPTxAddr(ENDP2, ENDP2_TXADDR);        SetEPRxCount(ENDP2, EP_SIZE);        SetEPRxStatus(ENDP2, EP_RX_VALID);        SetEPTxStatus(ENDP2, EP_TX_NAK); 4，实现端点的回调函数（需要在usb_conf.h中注释掉对应的回调函数宏定义） [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 /******************************************************************************* * Function Name  : EP1_OUT_Callback. * Description    : EP1 OUT Callback Routine. * Input          : None. * Output         : None. * Return         : None. *******************************************************************************/ void EP1_OUT_Callback( void) {         EP1_ReceivedCount = GetEPRxCount(ENDP1);         PMAToUserBufferCopy(USB_Receive_Buffer, ENDP1_RXADDR, EP1_ReceivedCount);         SetEPRxStatus(ENDP1, EP_RX_VALID); } /******************************************************************************* * Function Name  : EP2_OUT_Callback. * Description    : EP2 OUT Callback Routine. * Input          : None. * Output         : None. * Return         : None. *******************************************************************************/ void EP2_OUT_Callback( void) {         EP2_ReceivedCount = GetEPRxCount(ENDP2);         PMAToUserBufferCopy(USB_Receive_Buffer, ENDP2_RXADDR, EP2_ReceivedCount);         SetEPRxStatus(ENDP2, EP_RX_VALID); } 5，完成主函数的测试程序 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 int main( void) {         uint8_t data[256];         uint32_t i=0;         Set_System();//系统时钟初始化         USART_Configuration();//串口1初始化         printf("\x0c\0");printf("\x0c\0");//超级终端清屏         printf("\033[1;40;32m");//设置超级终端背景为黑色，字符为绿色         printf("\r\n*******************************************************************************");         printf("\r\n************************ Copyright 2009-2012, EmbedNet ************************");         printf("\r\n*************************** [url=http://www.embed-net.com]http://www.embed-net.com[/url] **************************");         printf("\r\n***************************** All Rights Reserved *****************************");         printf("\r\n*******************************************************************************");         printf("\r\n");           USB_Interrupts_Config();         Set_USBClock();         USB_Init();           while(1)         {                 if(EP1_ReceivedCount > 0){                         USB_GetData(ENDP1,data,EP1_ReceivedCount);                         USB_SendData(ENDP1,data,EP1_ReceivedCount);                         printf("usb EP1 get data %d byte data\n\r",EP1_ReceivedCount);                         for(i=0;i<EP1_ReceivedCount;i++){                                 printf("0x%02X ",data[i]);                         }                         printf("\n\r");                         EP1_ReceivedCount=0;                 }                 if(EP2_ReceivedCount > 0){                         USB_GetData(ENDP2,data,EP2_ReceivedCount);                         USB_SendData(ENDP2,data,EP2_ReceivedCount);                         printf("usb EP2 get data %d byte data\n\r",EP2_ReceivedCount);                         for(i=0;i<EP2_ReceivedCount;i++){                                 printf("0x%02X ",data[i]);                         }                         printf("\n\r");                         EP2_ReceivedCount=0;                        }         } } 到此，STM32的程序基本上编写完成，然后编译下载程序，如果一切顺利，系统会检测到一个新的设备并试图加载对应的驱动，由于我们还没做驱动程序，所以肯定会加载驱动失败，如下图所示：   驱动程序生成 下面我们就利用libusb自带的inf-wizard工具生成USB驱动程序，该工具可以到本文章的附件下载，其具体过程如下：   运行该程序，出现下图对话框，点击“Next”；   出现下图对话框后选择我们需要生成驱动程序的设备；   这里可以写该Device Name，我们保持默认值，其他的都不需要修改；   点击Next后出现下图对话框，我们选择一个目录保存这个inf文件；   保存后的文件   若要立即安装驱动，可以点击下面对话框的红色框按钮；   Win7下可能会出现如下对话框，点击始终安装；   到此，USB驱动程序自动生成完毕，若安装了驱动，则在设备管理器里面会看到如下信息   基于libusb的上位机驱动程序编写 首先建立一个驱动程序工程，然后将libusb的库（附件有下载）添加到工程里面，编写以下几个函数 设备扫描函数，该函数用来找到插入电脑上的USB设备 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 /**   * @brief  扫描设备连接数   * @param  NeedInit 是否需要初始化，第一次调用该函数需要初始化   * @retval 识别到的指定设备个数   */ int __stdcall USBScanDev( int NeedInit) {         if(NeedInit){                 usb_init(); /* initialize the library */                 usb_find_busses(); /* find all busses */                 usb_find_devices(); /* find all connected devices */         }         return scan_dev(pBoard); } 打开设备 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 /**   * @brief  打开指定的USB设备   * @param  devNum        需要打开的设备号   * @retval 打开状态   */ int __stdcall USBOpenDev( int DevIndex) {         pBoardHandle[DevIndex] = open_dev(DevIndex,pBoard);         if(pBoardHandle[DevIndex]==NULL){                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 return SEVERITY_SUCCESS;         } } 关闭设备 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 /**   * @brief  关闭指定的USB设备   * @param  devNum        需要关闭的设备号   * @retval 打开状态   */ int __stdcall USBCloseDev( int DevIndex) {         return close_dev(DevIndex,pBoardHandle); } BULK端点写数据 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 /**   * @brief  USB Bulk端点写数据   * @param  nBoardID 设备号   * @param  pipenum 端点号   * @param  sendbuffer 发送数据缓冲区   * @param  len 发送数据字节数   * @param  waittime 超时时间   * @retval 成功发送的数据字节数   */   int __stdcall USBBulkWriteData(unsigned int nBoardID, int pipenum, char *sendbuffer, int len, int waittime) {         int ret=0;         if(pBoardHandle[nBoardID] == NULL){                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         } #ifdef TEST_SET_CONFIGURATION     if (usb_set_configuration(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], MY_CONFIG) < 0)     {         usb_close(pBoardHandle[nBoardID]);         return SEVERITY_ERROR;     } #endif   #ifdef TEST_CLAIM_INTERFACE     if (usb_claim_interface(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], 0) < 0)     {         usb_close(pBoardHandle[nBoardID]);         return SEVERITY_ERROR;     } #endif   #if TEST_ASYNC     // Running an async write test     ret = transfer_bulk_async(dev, pipenum, sendbuffer, len, waittime); #else         ret = usb_bulk_write(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], pipenum, sendbuffer, len, waittime);         /*if((len%64) == 0){                 usb_bulk_write(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], pipenum, sendbuffer, 0, waittime);         }*/ #endif #ifdef TEST_CLAIM_INTERFACE     usb_release_interface(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], 0); #endif     return ret; } BULK端点读数据 [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 /**   * @brief  USB Bulk读数据   * @param  nBoardID 设备号   * @param  pipenum 端点号   * @param  readbuffer 读取数据缓冲区   * @param  len 读取数据字节数   * @param  waittime 超时时间   * @retval 读到的数据字节数   */ int __stdcall USBBulkReadData(unsigned int nBoardID, int pipenum, char *readbuffer, int len, int waittime) {         int ret=0;         if(pBoardHandle[nBoardID] == NULL){                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         } #ifdef TEST_SET_CONFIGURATION     if (usb_set_configuration(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], MY_CONFIG) < 0)     {         usb_close(pBoardHandle[nBoardID]);         return SEVERITY_ERROR;     } #endif   #ifdef TEST_CLAIM_INTERFACE     if (usb_claim_interface(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], 0) < 0)     {         usb_close(pBoardHandle[nBoardID]);         return SEVERITY_ERROR;     } #endif   #if TEST_ASYNC     // Running an async read test     ret = transfer_bulk_async(pGinkgoBoardHandle[nBoardID], pipenum, sendbuffer, len, waittime); #else         ret = usb_bulk_read(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], pipenum, readbuffer, len, waittime); #endif #ifdef TEST_CLAIM_INTERFACE     usb_release_interface(pBoardHandle[nBoardID], 0); #endif     return ret; } 到此，PC端的驱动程序编写基本完成，下面就是驱动程序的测试，我们可以把之前这个程序生成为一个dll文件，然后单独建立一个测试工程来测试这个dll文件中的函数，测试程序如下： [C]  纯文本查看 复制代码 ? 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 // USB_DriverTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。 //   #include "stdafx.h"   #define        EP1_OUT_SIZE        64 #define        EP1_IN_SIZE        64   int _tmain( int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) {         int DevNum;         int ret;         char WriteTestData[256]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};         char ReadTestData[256]={0};         for(int i=0;i<256;i++){                 WriteTestData[i] = i;         }         //扫描设备连接数，需要初始化         DevNum = USBScanDev(1);         printf("设备连接数为：%d\n",DevNum);         //打开设备0         ret = USBOpenDev(0);         if(ret == SEVERITY_ERROR){                 printf("打开设备失败！\n");                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 printf("打开设备成功！\n");         }           //端点1写数据         ret = USBBulkWriteData(0,EP1_OUT,WriteTestData,EP1_OUT_SIZE,500);         if(ret != EP1_OUT_SIZE){                 printf("端点1写数据失败！%d\n",ret);                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 printf("端点1写数据成功！\n");         }         //端点1读数据         ret = USBBulkReadData(0,EP1_IN,ReadTestData,EP1_IN_SIZE,500);         if(ret != EP1_IN_SIZE){                 printf("端点1读数据失败！%d\n",ret);                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 printf("端点1读数据成功！\n");                 for(int i=0;i<EP1_IN_SIZE;i++){                         printf("%02X ",ReadTestData[i]);                         if(((i+1)%16)==0){                                 printf("\n");                         }                 }                 printf("\n");         }         Sleep(100);         //端点2写数据         ret = USBBulkWriteData(0,EP2_OUT,WriteTestData+64,64,500);         if(ret != 64){                 printf("端点2写数据失败！%d\n",ret);                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 printf("端点2写数据成功！\n");         }         //端点2读数据         ret = USBBulkReadData(0,EP2_IN,ReadTestData,64,500);         if(ret != 64){                 printf("端点2读数据失败！%d\n",ret);                 return SEVERITY_ERROR;         }else{                 printf("端点2读数据成功！\n");                 for(int i=0;i<64;i++){                         printf("%02X ",ReadTestData[i]);                         if(((i+1)%16)==0){                                 printf("\n");                         }                 }                 printf("\n");         }         getchar();         return 0; } 到此，整个开发流程基本完成，下面是本套程序的测试图片 串口打印输出   PC端测试程序输出   Bus Hound抓取到的USB数据   程序源码下载 libusb驱动生成工具下载：  inf_tool.rar (778.26 KB, 下载次数: 592)  STM32程序源码下载：  USB_DriverSTM32F103.rar (677.81 KB, 下载次数: 611)  PC端USB驱动下载：  USB Driver.rar (266.56 KB, 下载次数: 456)  PC端USB驱动程序源码下载：  USB_DriverBulk.rar (20.61 KB, 下载次数: 336)  PC端USB驱动测试程序源码下载：  USB_DriverTest.rar (12.34 KB, 下载次数: 352)  libusb驱动包下载：  libusb-win32-bin-1.2.6.0.rar (821.57 KB, 下载次数: 529)