l源码安装mysql升级_centos7 源码安装mysql5.6

这篇博客的主要内容是在CentOS7服务器上搭建一个MySQL5.6版本的数据库服务。

1、我的当前环境：

[root@local-test ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'physical id'|wc -l

2

[root@local-test ~]# free -h

total used free shared buff/cache available

Mem: 2.8G 127M 2.4G 9.5M 191M 2.5G

Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G

[root@local-test ~]# uname -sr

Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64

2、创建mysql服务的相关目录和用户

a.创建安装目录：

[root@local-test ~]# mkdir /opt/mysql

b.创建数据目录：

[root@local-test ~]# mkdir /data/mysql/data -p

c.添加mysql用户

[root@local-test ~]# useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin #-M:不创建家目录，-s /sbin/nologin :不允许该登录

3、下载MySQL安装包

[root@local-test ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4、安装MySQL:

a.解压：

[root@local-test ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt/mysql/

b.重命名目录：

[root@local-test ~]# cd /opt/mysql/

[root@local-test mysql]# mv mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* .

[root@local-test mysql]# rm -rf mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

[root@local-test mysql]# ls

bin data docs include lib LICENSE man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files

c.安装mysql：把安装目录和数据目录授权给mysql用户

[root@local-test mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql/ /data/mysql/data/

[root@local-test mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:

Data::Dumper

出现这种问题很容易解决，仔细看错误信息可以知道，我们需要安装perl相关模块才能执行这个初始化脚本：

[root@local-test mysql]# yum install perl-devel autoconf -y

安装完成之后再次执行初始化命令：

[root@local-test mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

返回信息如下：限于篇幅，此处不在粘贴，主要注意看是否出现两个OK

......

OK

......

OK

......

此时说明你的mysql服务已经成功的安装到服务器上了，但是为了生产安全我们需要做一些基本的优化如下：

5、新安装MySQL基础优化：

a. my.cnf文件参数设置：

[root@local-test mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

#基础信息

basedir=/opt/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql/data

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

symbolic-links=0

port=3306

lower_case_table_names=1

server_id=1

#连接MySQL服务器时使用的字符编码设置

init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_unicode_ci'

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

character-set-server=utf8mb4

collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

skip-character-set-client-handshake

[client]

#clinet的信息要与[mysqld]中的信息保持一致，特别注意socket的位置

port = 3306

socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

default_character_set=utf8mb4

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log

pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid

[mysql]

default_character_set=utf8mb4

b. 启动脚本优化：

二进制包安装的mysql的启动脚本默认是在/opt/mysql/support-files目录下的mysql.server文件，我一般会把它放到/etc/init.d/下使用chkconfig管理，CentOS7一样适用。

[root@local-test support-files]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@local-test support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@local-test support-files]# chkconfig --list |grep mysqld

mysqld 0:off1:off 2:on 3:on4:on5:on 6:off

c.启动MySQL服务

[root@local-test support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log'.

200228 03:45:07 mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.

ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/local-test.pid).

这个错误提示我们没有/var/log/mysql这个目录，所以需要新建一个，注意别忘了授权！

[root@local-test support-files]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql

[root@local-test support-files]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/

再次启动

[root@local-test support-files]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/mysql.log'.

.... SUCCESS!

[root@local-test support-files]#

d.登陆mysql

[root@local-test support-files]# mysql

-bash: mysql: command not found #/opt/mysql不在path搜索路径里

[root@local-test support-files]# ln -s /opt/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin/

[root@local-test support-files]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.6.47 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

e.设置mysql管理员初始密码：

mysql>use mysql;

mysql> update user set password=password("root") where user='root';

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> exit;

#service mysql restart

密码生效；

再次登陆就要使用密码了！

[root@local-test support-files]# mysql -uroot -p

远程连接mysql、Navicat等工具连接的时候、就是远程连接、而不是登陆的账号密码了。

若远程连接账号密码都是对的、但是连接不上、可能就是防火墙没有添加3306端口、添加上就OK了

配置：

登陆mysql

mysql>use mysql;

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> exit;