# 习题2
# 2.1
x=c(1,2,3)
y=c(4,5,6)
e=c(rep(1,3))
z=2*x+y+e;z
x%*%y # 若x,y如答案那样定义为矩阵,则不能用%*%,因为,维数不对应,
x%o%y
# 答案
x
y
e
z
crossprod(x,y)#内积
outer(x,y)#外积
# 2.2
A=matrix(1:20,4,5);A
B=matrix(1:20,4,5,byrow=T);B
C=A+B;C
D=crossprod(A,B);D# D=A%*%B;D 错误 维数不对应,题目有错,本来就不可能AB
E=A*B;E
F=A[1:3,1:3];F
G=B[,c(1,2,4,5)];G # G
# 答案
A
B
C
#D
E
F
G
# 2.3
x=c(rep(1,5),rep(2,3),rep(3,4),rep(4,2));x
#答案同上
# 2.4
Hilbert=function(n=5){
H=matrix(0,nrow=n,ncol=n)
for (i in 1:n){
for (j in 1:n)
H[i,j]=1/(i+j-1)
}
H # 返回值,
list(Hmatrix=H,det=det(H),sol=solve(H),eig=eigen(H)) # 多元返回值
}
H=Hilbert(5);H
det(H)
solve(H)
eigen(H)
# 学会了function,对上述进行以下修改
funcH=function(n=5) {
H=matrix(0,n,n)
for (i in 1:n) {
for (j in 1:n) {
H[i,j]=1/(i+j-1)
}
}
H # 返回值,输入H
# list(Hmatrix=H,det=det(H),sol=solve(H),eig=eigen(H))
# 也可以以列表形式输出多个返回值,同时能给每个元素定义元素名
# 如 list(Hilbert=H)
list(Hilbert=H)
}
funcH()
#2.4答案 5价Hilbert矩阵
n
x
for(i in 1:n){
for(j in 1:n){
x[i,j]
}
}
x
det(x)#矩阵行列式
solve(x)#逆矩阵
eigen(x)#特征值与特征向量
# 2.5 data.frame()
studentdata=data.frame('姓名'=c('张三','李四','王五','赵六','丁一'),
'性别'=c('女','男','女','男','女'),'年龄'=c(14,15,16,14,15),
'身高'=c(156,165,157,162,159),'体重'=c(42,49,41.5,52,45.5))
#studentdata=data.frame('序号'=1:5,'姓名'=c('张三','李四','王五','赵六','丁一'),
# '性别'=c('女','男','女','男','女'),'年龄'=c(14,15,16,14,15),
# '身高'=c(156,165,157,162,159),'体重'=c(42,49,41.5,52,45.5))
# 不需要输入序号。
write.table(studentdata,'Re2.5.txt')
# 答案
student
sex=c("f","m","f","m","f"),
age=c("14","15","16","14","15"),
height=c("156","165","157","162","159"),
weight=c("42","49","41.5","52","45.5"))
# 2.6
st=read.table('Re2.5.txt',header=T)
write.csv(st,'Re2.5.csv')
#2.6 答案
student1
student2
student3
# 2.7
func=function(n) {
if (n<=0) "要求输入一个正整数"
else {
while(n!=1) {
if (n%%2==0) n=n/2
else n=3*n+1}
"运算成功"
}
} # R中定义的函数,没有专门的返回值设置,只相当于代码复制粘贴,
func(8) #返回值为代码的输出值
# 答案
#2.7
func
if(n<=0) list("要求输入一个正整数")
else{
repeat{
if(n==1) break
else if(n%%2==0){n
else n
list("运算成功")
}
}