numpy向量转换为矩阵_将NumPy向量转换为2D数组/矩阵

What is the best way to convert a vector to a 2-dimensional array?

For example, a vector b of size (10, )

a = rand(10,10)

b = a[1, :]

b.shape

Out: (10L,)

can be converted to array of size (10,1) as

b = b.reshape(len(b), 1)

Is there a more concise way to do it?

解决方案

Since you lose a dimension when indexing with a[1, :], the lost dimension needs to be replaced to maintain a 2D shape. With this in mind, you can make the selection using the syntax:

b = a[1, :, None]

Then b has the required shape of (10, 1). Note that None is the same as np.newaxis and inserts a new axis of length 1.

(This is the same thing as writing b = a[1, :][:, None] but uses only one indexing operation, hence saves a few microseconds.)

If you want to continue using reshape (which is also fine for this purpose), it's worth remembering that you can use -1 for (at most) one axis to have NumPy figure out what the correct length should be instead:

b.reshape(-1, 1)