python进阶装饰器_Python进阶 装饰器

一切皆对象

def hi(name="yasoob"):

return "hi " + name

print(hi())

# output: 'hi yasoob'

# 我们甚至可以将一个函数赋值给一个变量，比如

greet = hi

# 我们这里没有在使用小括号，因为我们并不是在调用hi函数

# 而是在将它放在greet变量里头。我们尝试运行下这个

print(greet())

# output: 'hi yasoob'

# 如果我们删掉旧的hi函数，看看会发生什么！

del hi

print(hi())

#outputs: NameError

print(greet())

#outputs: 'hi yasoob'

原始的装饰器

def a_new_decorator(a_func):

def wrapTheFunction():

print("I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()")

a_func()

print("I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()")

return wrapTheFunction

def a_function_requiring_decoration():

print("I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell")

a_function_requiring_decoration()

#outputs: "I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell"

a_function_requiring_decoration = a_new_decorator(a_function_requiring_decoration)

#now a_function_requiring_decoration is wrapped by wrapTheFunction()

a_function_requiring_decoration()

#outputs:I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()

# I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell

# I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()

使用@的装饰器

@a_new_decorator

def a_function_requiring_decoration():

"""Hey you! Decorate me!"""

print("I am the function which needs some decoration to "

"remove my foul smell")

a_function_requiring_decoration()

#outputs: I am doing some boring work before executing a_func()

# I am the function which needs some decoration to remove my foul smell

# I am doing some boring work after executing a_func()

#the @a_new_decorator is just a short way of saying:

a_function_requiring_decoration = a_new_decorator(a_function_requiring_decoration)

蓝本规范

from functools import wraps

def decorator_name(f):

# @wraps接受一个函数来进行装饰，并加入了复制函数名称、注释文档、参数列表等等的功能。

# 这可以让我们在装饰器里面访问在装饰之前的函数的属性。

@wraps(f)

def decorated(*args, **kwargs):

if not can_run:

return "Function will not run"

return f(*args, **kwargs)

return decorated

@decorator_name

def func():

return("Function is running")

can_run = True

print(func())

# Output: Function is running

can_run = False

print(func())

# Output: Function will not run

带参数的装饰器

from functools import wraps

def logit(logfile='out.log'):

def logging_decorator(func):

@wraps(func)

def wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs):

log_string = func.__name__ + " was called"

print(log_string)

# 打开logfile，并写入内容

with open(logfile, 'a') as opened_file:

# 现在将日志打到指定的logfile

opened_file.write(log_string + '\n')

return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapped_function

return logging_decorator

@logit()

def myfunc1():

pass

myfunc1()

# Output: myfunc1 was called

# 现在一个叫做 out.log 的文件出现了，里面的内容就是上面的字符串

@logit(logfile='func2.log')

def myfunc2():

pass

myfunc2()

# Output: myfunc2 was called

# 现在一个叫做 func2.log 的文件出现了，里面的内容就是上面的字符串

装饰器类

from functools import wraps

class logit(object):

def __init__(self, logfile='out.log'):

self.logfile = logfile

def __call__(self, func):

@wraps(func)

def wrapped_function(*args, **kwargs):

log_string = func.__name__ + " was called"

print(log_string)

# 打开logfile并写入

with open(self.logfile, 'a') as opened_file:

# 现在将日志打到指定的文件

opened_file.write(log_string + '\n')

# 现在，发送一个通知

self.notify()

return func(*args, **kwargs)

return wrapped_function

def notify(self):

# logit只打日志，不做别的

pass

class email_logit(logit):

'''

一个logit的实现版本，可以在函数调用时发送email给管理员

'''

def __init__(self, email='admin@myproject.com', *args, **kwargs):

self.email = email

super(email_logit, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

def notify(self):

# 发送一封email到self.email

# 这里就不做实现了

pass

# 在打日志的基础上，还会多发送一封邮件给管理员。

@email_logit()

def myfunc1():

pass