python地理数据可视化_Python数据可视化：Cartopy 地理空间数据可视化

前言

Cartopy 是为了向 Python 添加地图制图功能而开发的扩展库。该项目致力于以 matplotlib 包为基础，用简单直观的方式操作各类地理要素的成图。Cartopy 官网的画廊页面已经提供了很多绘图的例子，它们和官方文档一起，是学习该工具的主要材料。

绘制 IGS 站点分布图

本图使用的 IGS 核心站与 MGEX 项目站点，及其坐标均来自 IGS 网站。我已经将其整理成为 igs-core 和 mgex 两个 CSV 文件，你可以直接下载。

IGS 核心站与 MGEX 站点分布图

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportcartopy.crs as ccrsimportcartopy.feature as cfeature#Load the coordinate of IGS Core & MGEX sites, The CSV files are#exported from: http://www.igs.org/network

igs_core = np.recfromcsv('igs-core.csv', names=True, encoding='utf-8')

mgex= np.recfromcsv('mgex.csv', names=True, encoding='utf-8')

fig= plt.figure(figsize=[9, 6])#Set projection

ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Robinson())#Add ocean and land

ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND)

ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN)#Add MGEX & IGS core sites

ax.plot(mgex['longitude'], mgex['latitude'], 'o', color='tomato',

label='MGEX', transform=ccrs.Geodetic())

ax.plot(igs_core['longitude'], igs_core['latitude'], '*', color='darkmagenta',

label='IGS Core', transform=ccrs.Geodetic())#Plot gridlines

ax.gridlines(linestyle='--')#Set figure extent

ax.set_global()#Set legend location

plt.legend(loc='lower right')#Show figure

plt.show()

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绘制 GNSS 控制网

这里使用的 IGS 站点坐标数据同样来自 IGS 网站。我已将其整理成一个 CSV 格式的文件：euro-igs，你可以直接下载使用。这里使用 matplotlib.tri 中的 Triangulation 来根据输入的点位坐标来创建 Delaunay 三角网，然后使用 plt.triplot() 方法绘制。

GNSS 控制网

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportmatplotlib.tri as triimportcartopy.crs as ccrsimportcartopy.feature as cfeature#Load coordinate of the IGS sites in Europe, this CSV file is#exported from: http://www.igs.org/network

igs_sites = np.recfromcsv('euro-igs.csv', names=True, encoding='utf-8')#Generate Delaunay triangles

triangles = tri.Triangulation(igs_sites['longitude'], igs_sites['latitude'])

fig= plt.figure(figsize=[6, 8])#Set projection

ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.LambertConformal(central_latitude=90,

central_longitude=10))#Add ocean, land, rivers and lakes

ax.add_feature(cfeature.OCEAN.with_scale('50m'))

ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAND.with_scale('50m'))

ax.add_feature(cfeature.RIVERS.with_scale('50m'))

ax.add_feature(cfeature.LAKES.with_scale('50m'))#Plot triangles

plt.triplot(triangles, transform=ccrs.Geodetic(), marker='o', linestyle='-')#Plot gridlines

ax.gridlines(linestyle='--')#Set figure extent

ax.set_extent([-10, 30, 30, 73])#Show figure

plt.show()

绘制板块分布图

板块构造理论将地球的岩石圈分为十数个大小不等的板块。本图使用的 Nuvel 板块边界数据来自 EarthByte 网站，我已经将其整理为一个压缩文件，你可以直接下载使用。

Nuvel 板块分布图

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimportcartopy.crs as ccrs#The plate boundary files

files = ['African.txt', 'Antarctic.txt', 'Arabian.txt', 'Australian.txt','Caribbean.txt', 'Cocos.txt', 'Eurasian.txt', 'Indian.txt', 'Juan.txt','Nazca.txt', 'North_Am.txt', 'Pacific.txt', 'Philippine.txt','Scotia.txt', 'South_Am.txt']#Read boundaries into numpy

borders =[]for f infiles:

border= np.genfromtxt(f, names=['lon', 'lat'], dtype=float, comments=':')

borders.append(border)#Plate names

plates = ['African', 'Antarctic', 'Arabian', 'Australian', 'Caribbean', 'Cocos','Eurasian', 'Indian', 'Juan', 'Nazca', 'North\nAmerican', 'Pacific','Philippine', 'Scotia', 'South\nAmerican']#Central point for every plate, just for text positioning

central = [(17, -5), (90, -80), (40, 21), (120, -28), (270, 12), (260, 6),

(60, 50), (70, 13), (230, 45), (260, -21), (250, 36), (190, 0),

(123, 17), (304, -59), (315, -27)]#Start plot

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))

ax= plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Mollweide(central_longitude=120))#Plot a image as background

ax.stock_img()#Plot boundaries

for plate, center, border inzip(plates, central, borders):

ax.plot(border['lon'], border['lat'], color='coral',

transform=ccrs.Geodetic())

ax.text(center[0], center[1], plate, transform=ccrs.Geodetic())

plt.show()

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以下文章来源于EasyShu ，作者姜英明