![58136a2b7ef4068421a73047d0ef8ca2.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5d45f9e37ca96bc0cc3279e116667b9a.jpeg)
#includesbit PWMOUT = P0^0;sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;sbit ENLED = P1^4;unsigned char HighRH = 0; //高电平重载值的高字节unsigned char HighRL = 0; //高电平重载值的低字节unsigned char LowRH = 0; //低电平重载值的高字节unsigned char LowRL = 0; //低电平重载值的低字节void ConfigPWM(unsigned int fr, unsigned char dc);void ClosePWM();void main(){unsigned int i;EA = 1; //开总中断ENLED = 0; //使能独立 LEDADDR3 = 1;ADDR2 = 1;ADDR1 = 1;ADDR0 = 0;while (1){ConfigPWM(100, 10); //频率 100Hz,占空比 10%for (i=0; i40000; i++);ClosePWM();ConfigPWM(100, 40); //频率 100Hz,占空比 40%for (i=0; i40000; i++);ClosePWM();ConfigPWM(100, 90); //频率 100Hz,占空比 90%for (i=0; i40000; i++);ClosePWM(); //关闭 PWM,相当于占空比 100%for (i=0; i40000; i++);}}/* 配置并启动 PWM,fr-频率,dc-占空比 */void ConfigPWM(unsigned int fr, unsigned char dc){unsigned int high, low;unsigned long tmp;tmp = (11059200/12) / fr; //计算一个周期所需的计数值high = (tmp*dc) / 100; //计算高电平所需的计数值low = tmp - high; //计算低电平所需的计数值high = 65536 - high + 12; //计算高电平的重载值并补偿中断延时low = 65536 - low + 12;//计算低电平的重载值并补偿中断延时HighRH = (unsigned char)(high>>8); //高电平重载值拆分为高低字节HighRL = (unsigned char)high;LowRH = (unsigned char)(low>>8); //低电平重载值拆分为高低字节LowRL = (unsigned char)low;TMOD &= 0xF0; //清零 T0 的控制位TMOD |= 0x01; //配置 T0 为模式 1TH0 = HighRH; //加载 T0 重载值TL0 = HighRL;ET0 = 1; //使能 T0 中断TR0 = 1; //启动 T0PWMOUT = 1; //输出高电平}/* 关闭 PWM */void ClosePWM(){TR0 = 0; //停止定时器ET0 = 0; //禁止中断PWMOUT = 1; //输出高电平}/* T0 中断服务函数,产生 PWM 输出 */void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1{if (PWMOUT == 1){ //当前输出为高电平时,装载低电平值并输出低电平TH0 = LowRH;TL0 = LowRL;PWMOUT = 0;}else{ //当前输出为低电平时,装载高电平值并输出高电平TH0 = HighRH;TL0 = HighRL;PWMOUT = 1;}}
需要提醒大家的是,由于标准 51 单片机中没有专门的 PWM 模块,所以我们用定时器加中断的方式来产生 PWM,而现在有很多的单片机都会集成硬件的 PWM 模块,这种情况下需要我们做的就仅仅是计算一下周期计数值和占空比计数值然后配置到相关的 SFR 中即可,既使程序得到了简化又确保了 PWM 的输出品质(因为消除了中断延时的影响)。
大家编译下载程序后,会发现小灯从最亮到灭一共 4 个亮度等级。如果我们让亮度等级更多,并且让亮度等级连续起来,会产生一个小灯渐变的效果,与呼吸有点类似,所以我们习惯上称之为呼吸灯,程序代码如下,这个程序用了 2 个定时器 2 个中断,这是我们第一次这样用,大家可以学习一下。我们来试试这个程序,试完了大家一定要能自己把程序写出来,切记。
#includesbit PWMOUT = P0^0;sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;sbit ENLED = P1^4;unsigned long PeriodCnt = 0; //PWM 周期计数值unsigned char HighRH = 0; //高电平重载值的高字节unsigned char HighRL = 0; //高电平重载值的低字节unsigned char LowRH = 0; //低电平重载值的高字节unsigned char LowRL = 0; //低电平重载值的低字节unsigned char T1RH = 0; //T1 重载值的高字节unsigned char T1RL = 0; //T1 重载值的低字节void ConfigTimer1(unsigned int ms);void ConfigPWM(unsigned int fr, unsigned char dc);void main(){EA = 1; //开总中断ENLED = 0; //使能独立 LEDADDR3 = 1;ADDR2 = 1;ADDR1 = 1;ADDR0 = 0;ConfigPWM(100, 10); //配置并启动 PWMConfigTimer1(50); //用 T1 定时调整占空比while (1);}/* 配置并启动 T1,ms-定时时间 */void ConfigTimer1(unsigned int ms){unsigned long tmp; //临时变量tmp = 11059200 / 12; //定时器计数频率tmp = (tmp * ms) / 1000; //计算所需的计数值tmp = 65536 - tmp; //计算定时器重载值tmp = tmp + 12; //补偿中断响应延时造成的误差T1RH = (unsigned char)(tmp>>8); //定时器重载值拆分为高低字节T1RL = (unsigned char)tmp;TMOD &= 0x0F; //清零 T1 的控制位TMOD |= 0x10; //配置 T1 为模式 1TH1 = T1RH; //加载 T1 重载值TL1 = T1RL;ET1 = 1; //使能 T1 中断TR1 = 1; //启动 T1}/* 配置并启动 PWM,fr-频率,dc-占空比 */void ConfigPWM(unsigned int fr, unsigned char dc){unsigned int high, low;PeriodCnt = (11059200/12) / fr; //计算一个周期所需的计数值high = (PeriodCnt*dc) / 100; //计算高电平所需的计数值low = PeriodCnt - high; //计算低电平所需的计数值high = 65536 - high + 12; //计算高电平的定时器重载值并补偿中断延时low = 65536 - low + 12; //计算低电平的定时器重载值并补偿中断延时HighRH = (unsigned char)(high>>8); //高电平重载值拆分为高低字节HighRL = (unsigned char)high;LowRH = (unsigned char)(low>>8); //低电平重载值拆分为高低字节LowRL = (unsigned char)low;TMOD &= 0xF0; //清零 T0 的控制位TMOD |= 0x01; //配置 T0 为模式 1TH0 = HighRH; //加载 T0 重载值TL0 = HighRL;ET0 = 1; //使能 T0 中断TR0 = 1; //启动 T0PWMOUT = 1; //输出高电平}/* 占空比调整函数,频率不变只调整占空比 */void AdjustDutyCycle(unsigned char dc){unsigned int high, low;high = (PeriodCnt*dc) / 100; //计算高电平所需的计数值low = PeriodCnt - high; //计算低电平所需的计数值high = 65536 - high + 12; //计算高电平的定时器重载值并补偿中断延时low = 65536 - low + 12; //计算低电平的定时器重载值并补偿中断延时HighRH = (unsigned char)(high>>8); //高电平重载值拆分为高低字节HighRL = (unsigned char)high;LowRH = (unsigned char)(low>>8); //低电平重载值拆分为高低字节LowRL = (unsigned char)low;}/* T0 中断服务函数,产生 PWM 输出 */void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1{if (PWMOUT == 1){ //当前输出为高电平时,装载低电平值并输出低电平TH0 = LowRH;TL0 = LowRL;PWMOUT = 0;}else{ //当前输出为低电平时,装载高电平值并输出高电平TH0 = HighRH;TL0 = HighRL;PWMOUT = 1;}}/* T1 中断服务函数,定时动态调整占空比 */void InterruptTimer1() interrupt 3{static bit dir = 0;static unsigned char index = 0;unsigned char code table[13] = { //占空比调整表5, 18, 30, 41, 51, 60, 68, 75, 81, 86, 90, 93, 95};TH1 = T1RH; //重新加载 T1 重载值TL1 = T1RL;AdjustDutyCycle(table[index]); //调整 PWM 的占空比if (dir == 0){ //逐步增大占空比index++;if (index >= 12){dir = 1;}}else{ //逐步减小占空比index--;if (index == 0){dir = 0;}}}
呼吸灯效果做出来后,利用这个基本原理,其它各种效果的灯光闪烁都应该可以做出来,大家看到的 KTV 里边那绚丽的灯光闪烁,其实就是采用的 PWM 技术控制的。
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