ping模块是Ansible入门到放弃的必经之路，用于测试Ansible server到inventory主机的连通性，包括网络和登录信息ansible_ssh_user、ansible_ssh_pass。官网只有模块的简单使用ping - Try to connect to host, verify a usable python and return，那么，常见报错有哪些？我们可以从中得到什么信息呢？Let's get started. Here is my inventory:
[TEST]
172.17.192.156
199.31.176.146
199.31.177.91
172.17.197.236
199.31.176.204
199.31.176.137
199.31.176.23
199.31.191.80
199.31.176.246
[TEST:vars]
ansible_ssh_user=test
ansible_ssh_pass=xxxxxxMessage Type One: SUCCESS (默认是浅绿色)
172.17.192.156 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"failed": false,
"ping": "pong"Message Type Two: FAILED! (默认是红色)
失败的原因有多种，比如：
1.目标机器的Python版本太低，报错中有“from __future__ import absolute_import”
199.31.176.146 | FAILED! => {
"changed": false,
"failed": true,
"module_stderr": "Shared connection to 199.31.176.146 closed.
",
"module_stdout": " File "/tmp/ansible_knbXZf/ansible_module_ping.py", line 8
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
SyntaxError: future feature absolute_import is not defined
",
"msg": "MODULE FAILURE",
"rc": 0
}登录199.31.176.146查看Python版本为2.4.3，09年6月11日发布的版本
Last login: Fri Jul 20 10:18:20 2018 from 192.168.10.1
[ncms@localhost ~]$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#, Jun 11 2009, 14:09:37)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>Ansible server与目标机器python的版本对应的关系
Ansible 2.6：You need Python 2 (version 2.6 or later) or Python 3 (version 3.5 or later).
Ansible 2.5：You need Python 2 (version 2.6 or later) or Python 3 (version 3.5 or later).
Ansible 2.4： You need Python 2.6 or later.
Ansible 2.3：You need Python 2.4 or later. If you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need python-simplejson
2.目标机器的Python环境有问题，从module_stdout可以看出
199.31.177.91 | FAILED! => {
"changed": false,
"failed": true,
"module_stderr": "Shared connection to 199.31.177.91 closed.
",
"module_stdout": "Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
ImportError: No module named site
",
"msg": "MODULE FAILURE",
"rc": 0
}登录199.31.177.91后终端输入python，内容与报错信息一致
[ncms@localhost ~]$ python
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Could not find platform dependent libraries <exec_prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
ImportError: No module named site
[ncms@localhost ~]$ 3.目标机器没有上Python，报错信息中有“/bin/sh: /usr/bin/python: not found”
172.17.197.236 | FAILED! => {
"changed": false,
"failed": true,
"module_stderr": "Shared connection to 172.17.197.236 closed. rn",
"module_stdout": "/bin/sh: /usr/bin/python: not found. rn",
"msg": "MODULE FAILURE",
"rc": 0
}这个也不容忽视，比如很多企业使用的AIX
Last login: Fri Jul 13 14:51:42 CST 2018 on /dev/pts/0 from 200.31.225.40
*******************************************************************************
* *
* *
* Welcome to AIX Version 7.1! *
* *
* *
* Please see the README file in /usr/lpp/bos for information pertinent to *
* this release of the AIX Operating System. *
* *
* *
*******************************************************************************
test@KSWAPAPP01:/home/test>python2
ksh: python2: not found.
test@KSWAPAPP01:/home/test>python3
ksh: python3: not found.
test@KSWAPAPP01:/home/test>Message Type Three: UNREACHABLE! (默认是红色)
主机不可达的原因有多种，不一定是网络问题，比如：
1.目标机器磁盘空间不足，报错中有“No space left on device”
199.31.176.204 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "mkdir: cannot create directory `/tmp/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1531795083.82-248388551908845': No space left on device
",
"unreachable": true
}注意：Ansible到目标机器的哪个目录创建文件.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp...xxx...是可以在.ansible.cfg中设置的，[remote_tmp]项
[defaults]
# some basic default values...
inventory = /home/ncms/ncms/ansible_/hosts
#library = /usr/share/my_modules/
#module_utils = /usr/share/my_module_utils/
remote_tmp = /tmp # 比如这里我设置成了/tmp目录
#local_tmp = ~/.ansible/tmp
#plugin_filters_cfg = /etc/ansible/plugin_filters.yml2.网络正常，登录信息不正确
199.31.176.137 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Authentication failure.",
"unreachable": true
}3.私钥的问题，具体什么原因我也不知道。清除Ansible server的~/.ssh/known_hosts文件中对应主机的私钥就解决了
199.31.176.23 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that a host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
SHA256:0Q8tgeKgkLA2ipRuBgqoH/nNjJaGCXcE5oIWax1ANQI.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /home/ncms/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending ECDSA key in /home/ncms/.ssh/known_hosts:619
Password authentication is disabled to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.
Keyboard-interactive authentication is disabled to avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.
Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password).
",
"unreachable": true
}4.网络问题，没有可到达的路由，报错中有“No route to host”
199.31.191.80 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 199.31.191.80 port 22: No route to host
",
"unreachable": true
}5.网络问题，防火墙端口不通或者网络不可达
199.31.176.246 | UNREACHABLE! => {
"changed": false,
"msg": "Failed to connect to the host via ssh: ssh: connect to host 199.31.176.246 port 22: Connection refused
",
"unreachable": true
}以上总结了ping模块的9种返回信息，有不对或需要补充的地方欢迎指正！
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