文章目录
一、 安装django
pip install django #安装django
二、创建项目: mywebsite
切记,此时需要在终端中输入以下命令:
django-admin.exe startproject mywebsite #创建名为mywebsite的Django工作文件夹
cd mywebsite #进入该文件夹
python manage.py runserver #运行Djando,默认监听127.0.0.1:8000
#python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8080 监听8080端口
输出如下:
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
April 17, 2021 - 13:02:45
Django version 3.1.8, using settings 'mywebsite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
#此时可以在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/,能看到Django 火箭页面
三、 Django 工作目录介绍
项目mywebsite目录结构如下:
C:\USERS\USER\MYWEBSITE #项目mywebsite工作目录
│ db.sqlite3
│ manage.py #对当前项目的所有操作由该文件控制
│
└─mywebsite #项目mywebsite文件夹
│ asgi.py
│ settings.py #项目配置文件
│ urls.py #网页路由系统, URL--->函数
│ wsgi.py #定义Socket, wsgiref, uwsgi
│ __init__.py
│
└─__pycache__
settings.cpython-39.pyc
urls.cpython-39.pyc
wsgi.cpython-39.pyc
__init__.cpython-39.pyc
四、 初始化配置
4.1 . 新增目录
在BASE_DIR路径下新建文件夹 ‘static’和‘templates’,此时整个mywebsite文件夹结构为:
C:\USERS\USER\MYWEBSITE
│ db.sqlite3
│ manage.py
│
├─mywebsite
│ │ asgi.py
│ │ settings.py
│ │ urls.py
│ │ wsgi.py
│ │ __init__.py
│ │
│ └─__pycache__
│ settings.cpython-39.pyc
│ urls.cpython-39.pyc
│ wsgi.cpython-39.pyc
│ __init__.cpython-39.pyc
│
├─static #新增
└─templates #新增
4.2 . 配置模板路径
用于关联模板文件夹‘template’
import os
#将templates一节替换为以下内容:
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
#'DIRS': [],
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
4.3 . 配置静态文件路径
用于关联静态文件文件夹’static’
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
#新增以下代码
STATICFILES_DIRS=(
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
4.4 . 额外配置
注释django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
五、新建应用APP文件夹
通常写不同功能的模块需要在不同APP中实现,比如此时我们需要提供一个HomePage页面,我们则可以在base_dir下新建一个HomePage文件夹,该文件下再新建views.py 文件
C:\USERS\USER\PYCHARMPROJECTS\DJANGO\MYWEBSITE
│ db.sqlite3
│ manage.py
│
├─HomePage #新增
│ │ views.py #新增
│ │
│ └─__pycache__
│ views.cpython-39.pyc
│
├─mywebsite
│ │ asgi.py
│ │ settings.py
│ │ urls.py # 需要修改,详见后文
│ │ wsgi.py
│ │ __init__.py
│ │
│ └─__pycache__
│ settings.cpython-39.pyc
│ urls.cpython-39.pyc
│ wsgi.cpython-39.pyc
│ __init__.cpython-39.pyc
│
├─static
└─templates
去urls.py 关联刚才的HomePage
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from HomePage import views #新增
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('welcome/', views.welcome), #新增,‘welcome/’为网页方位URL;views.welcome为HomePage中views.py 的函数welcome
]