文档地址http://docs.python.org/library/unittest.html
第一个例子直接引用文档中的例子,其他的简略的写了写结论性的东西,具体的参考python_testing_cookbook一书。
一、简单的例子
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1 importrandom2 importunittest3 4 classTestSequenceFunctions(unittest.TestCase):5 6 defsetUp(self):7 self.seq=range(10)8 9 deftest_shuffle(self):10 #make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements11 random.shuffle(self.seq)12 self.seq.sort()13 self.assertEqual(self.seq, range(10))14 15 #should raise an exception for an immutable sequence16 self.assertRaises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3))17 18 deftest_choice(self):19 element=random.choice(self.seq)20 self.assertTrue(elementinself.seq)21 22 deftest_sample(self):23 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):24 random.sample(self.seq,20)25 forelementinrandom.sample(self.seq,5):26 self.assertTrue(elementinself.seq)27 28 if__name__=='__main__':29 unittest.main()
实现一个继承unittest.TestCase的类,使用unittest.main()来测试该类中所有以test开头的测试用例。
简单的assert方法有如下:
self.assertEquals(100, value)
self.assertTrue(value == 0)
self.assertFalse(value > 0
self.assertRaises(TypeError, value.convert_to_decimal)
在写测试用例的时候尽量使用assertEquals而不是assertTrue、assertFalse,当assertEquals失败的时候,会打印出比较的两方值更直观
self.fail([msg])会无条件的导致测试失败,不推荐使用。
下面的例子的写法是要避免发生:
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1 importunittest2 classBadTest(unittest.TestCase):3 deftest_no_roman_numeral(self):4 value=RomanNumeralConverter(None)5 try:6 value.convert_to_decimal()7 self.fail("Expected a TypeError")8 exceptTypeError, e:9 pass
这个时候推推荐使用assertRaises
二、使用setUp和tearDown
每次运行test方法时,先用setUp初始化程序,然后运行test方法,最后使用tearDown清理程序
def setUp(self):
print "Creating a new RomanNumeralConverter..."
self.cvt = RomanNumeralConverter()
def tearDown(self):
print "Destroying the RomanNumeralConverter..."
self.cvt = None
如果不同的方法需要不同的setUp和tearDown方法,那么只好写过个测试用例了。
三、使用比unittest.main()更详细的运行测试用例的方法
if __name__ == "__main__":
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase( \
RomanNumeralConverterTest)
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
python使用unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase方法获取RomanNumeralConverterTest的所有test方法
然后通过TextTestRunner来运行
四、运行部分测试方法
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1 if__name__=="__main__":2 importsys3 suite=unittest.TestSuite()4 iflen(sys.argv)==1:5 suite=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(\6 RomanNumeralConverterTest)7 else:8 fortest_nameinsys.argv[1:]:9 suite.addTest(\10 RomanNumeralConverterTest(test_name))11 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
五、一次运行多个测试用例
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1 if__name__=="__main__":2 importunittest3 fromrecipe5import*4 suite1=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase( \5 RomanNumeralConverterTest)6 suite2=unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase( \7 RomanNumeralComboTest)8 suite=unittest.TestSuite([suite1, suite2])9 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
六、在test model 中 使用test suites
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1 defhigh_and_low():2 suite=unittest.TestSuite()3 suite.addTest(\4 RomanNumeralConverterTest("test_parsing_millenia"))5 suite.addTest(\6 RomanNumeralConverterTest("test_parsing_one"))7 returnsuite8 9 defcombos():10 returnunittest.TestSuite(map(RomanNumeralConverterTest,\11 ["test_combo1","test_combo2","test_combo3"]))12 13 defall():14 returnunittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(\15 RomanNumeralConverterTest)16 17 if__name__=="__main__":18 forsuite_funcin[high_and_low, combos, all]:19 print"Running test suite '%s'"%suite_func.func_name20 suite=suite_func()21 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
七、将已有的测试代码迁移到unittest
不使用unittest
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1 fromrecipe7import*2 3 classRomanNumeralTester(object):4 def__init__(self):5 self.cvt=RomanNumeralConverter()6 7 defsimple_test(self):8 print"+++ Converting M to 1000"9 assertself.cvt.convert_to_decimal("M")==100010 11 defcombo_test1(self):12 print"+++ Converting MMX to 2010"13 assertself.cvt.convert_to_decimal("MMXX")==201014 15 defcombo_test2(self):16 print"+++ Converting MMMMDCLXVIII to 4668"17 val=self.cvt.convert_to_decimal("MMMMDCLXVII")18 self.check(val,4668)19 20 defother_test(self):21 print"+++ Converting MMMM to 4000"22 val=self.cvt.convert_to_decimal("MMMM")23 self.check(val,4000)24 25 defcheck(self, actual, expected):26 if(actual!=expected):27 raiseAssertionError("%s doesn't equal %s"%\28 (actual, expected))29 30 deftest_the_system(self):31 self.simple_test()32 self.combo_test1()33 self.combo_test2()34 self.other_test()35 36 if__name__=="__main__":37 tester=RomanNumeralTester()38 tester.test_the_system()
迁移到unittest
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1 fromrecipe7import*2 fromrecipe7_legacyimport*3 importunittest4 5 if__name__=="__main__":6 tester=RomanNumeralTester()7 8 suite=unittest.TestSuite()9 fortestin[tester.simple_test, tester.combo_test1, \10 tester.combo_test2, tester.other_test]:11 testcase=unittest.FunctionTestCase(test)12 suite.addTest(testcase)13 14 unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
八、简单化
一个测试函数里面写一个assert***,便于查看bug
九、测试边缘
比如测试一个到4000为止的整数,需要测试
1,4000, 0 4001, -1, None, 1.2
错误的输入也是必要的
通过迭代测试边缘
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1 deftest_bad_inputs(self):2 r=self.cvt.convert_to_roman3 d=self.cvt.convert_to_decimal4 edges=[("equals", r,"", None),\5 ("equals", r,"I",1.2),\6 ("raises", d, TypeError, None),\7 ("raises", d, TypeError,1.2)\8 ]9 [self.checkout_edge(edge)foredgeinedges]10 11 defcheckout_edge(self, edge):12 ifedge[0]=="equals":13 f, output, input=edge[1], edge[2], ed14 print("Converting %s to %s..."%(input15 self.assertEquals(output, f(input))16 elifedge[0]=="raises":17 f, exception, args=edge[1], edge[2],18 print("Converting %s, expecting %s"%\19 (args, exception))20 self.assertRaises(exception, f,*args)