问题
在Java中,我被告知在进行空检查时应该使用==而不是.equals()。这是什么原因?
#1 热门回答(145 赞)
它们是两个完全不同的东西。==比较变量所包含的对象引用(如果有的话)..equals()检查以查看两个对象是否根据它们的契约相等于什么相等。根据合同,两个不同的对象实例完全可能"相等"。然后有一个小细节,因为equals是一个方法,如果你试图在null参考上调用它,你将获得aNullPointerException。
例如:
class Foo {
private int data;
Foo(int d) {
this.data = d;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object other) {
if (other == null || other.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
return false;
}
return ((Foo)other).data == this.data;
}
/* In a real class, you'd override `hashCode` here as well */
}
Foo f1 = new Foo(5);
Foo f2 = new Foo(5);
System.out.println(f1 == f2);
// outputs false, they're distinct object instances
System.out.println(f1.equals(f2));
// outputs true, they're "equal" according to their definition
Foo f3 = null;
System.out.println(f3 == null);
// outputs true, `f3` doesn't have any object reference assigned to it
System.out.println(f3.equals(null));
// Throws a NullPointerException, you can't dereference `f3`, it doesn't refer to anything
System.out.println(f1.equals(f3));
// Outputs false, since `f1` is a valid instance but `f3` is null,
// so one of the first checks inside the `Foo#equals` method will
// disallow the equality because it sees that `other` == null
#2 热门回答(33 赞)
如果你调用.equals()onnull,你将获得NullPointerException
因此,在调用适用的方法之前,始终建议检查nullity
if(str!=null && str.equals("hi")){
//str contains hi
}
另见
Java中的equals-between =和=之间的差异
#3 热门回答(17 赞)
在Java 0或null中是简单类型而不是对象。
方法equals()不是为简单类型构建的。简单类型可以与==匹配。