BroadcastReceiver
在Android中,Broadcast是一种广泛运用的在应用程序之间传输信息的机制。而BroadcastReceiver是对发送出来的 Broadcast进行过滤接受并响应的一类组件。
下面将详细的阐述如何发送Broadcast和使用BroadcastReceiver过滤接收的过程:
首先在需要发送信息的地方,把要发送的信息和用于过滤的信息(如Action、Category)装入一个Intent对象,然后通过调用 sendOrderBroadcast()或sendStickyBroadcast()方法,把 Intent对象以广播方式发送出去。
当Intent发送以后,所有已经注册的BroadcastReceiver会检查注册时的IntentFilter是否与发送的Intent相匹配,若匹配则就会调用BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法。所以当我们定义一个BroadcastReceiver的时候,都需要实现onReceive()方法。
注册BroadcastReceiver有两种方式:
静态注册:在AndroidManifest.xml中用标签生命注册,并在标签内用标签设置过滤器。
//继承BroadcastReceiver,重写onReceiver方法
//使用过滤器,接收指定action广播
动态注册:
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(String); //为BroadcastReceiver指定action,使之用于接收同action的广播
registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver,intentFilter);
一般:在onStart中注册,onStop中取消unregisterReceiver
指定广播目标Action:Intent intent = new Intent(actionString);
并且可通过Intent携带消息 :intent.putExtra("msg", "hi,我通过广播发送消息了");
发送广播消息:Context.sendBroadcast(intent )
其中在动态注册中可将BroadcastReceiver的继承类进行封装,添加构造函数和BroadcastReceiver注册
代码
importandroid.app.Notification;importandroid.app.NotificationManager;importandroid.app.PendingIntent;importandroid.content.BroadcastReceiver;importandroid.content.Context;importandroid.content.Intent;importandroid.content.IntentFilter;publicclassBroadcastReceiverHelperextendsBroadcastReceiver {
NotificationManager mn=null;
Notification notification=null;
Context ct=null;
BroadcastReceiverHelper receiver;publicBroadcastReceiverHelper(Context c){
ct=c;
receiver=this;
}//注册publicvoidregisterAction(String action){
IntentFilter filter=newIntentFilter();
filter.addAction(action);
ct.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
}
@OverridepublicvoidonReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//TODO Auto-generated method stubString msg=intent.getStringExtra("msg");intid=intent.getIntExtra("who",0);if(intent.getAction().equals("com.cbin.sendMsg")){
mn=(NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
notification=newNotification(R.drawable.icon, id+"发送广播", System.currentTimeMillis());
Intent it=newIntent(context,Main.class);
PendingIntent contentIntent=PendingIntent.getActivity(context,0, it,0);
notification.setLatestEventInfo(context,"msg", msg, contentIntent);
mn.notify(0, notification);
}
}
}
然后再Activity中声明BroadcastReceiver的扩展对象,在onStart中注册,onStop中卸载
代码
BroadcastReceiverHelper rhelper;
@OverridepublicvoidonStart(){//注册广播接收器rhelper=newBroadcastReceiverHelper(this);
rhelper.registerAction("com.cbin.sendMsg");super.onStart();
}
@OverridepublicvoidonStop(){//取消广播接收器unregisterReceiver(rhelper);super.onStop();
}