【Dison夏令营 Day 26】PyGame 中的赛车游戏

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 18:12:53 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-23 18:12:53 发布
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分类专栏： Python夏令营 文章标签： pygame 游戏 python
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在本文中，我们将了解如何使用 Pygame 在 Python 中创建一个赛车游戏。在这个游戏中，我们将拥有驾驶、障碍物碰撞、通过关卡时速度增加、暂停、倒计时、记分牌和说明书屏幕等功能。

在这里插入图片描述

所需模块：

在继续之前，请在命令提示符下运行以下命令行，安装必要的软件包，并将它们导入到您的 game.py 文件中：

pip install pygame
pip install time 
pip install random

项目结构：

在这里插入图片描述

第 1 步：导入所有模块

# code for developing car racing game in python 
import pygame 
import time 
import random

第 2 步：设置屏幕

使用 pygame.init() 初始化所有 Pygame 模块。现在设置颜色值。现在设置不同文字的标题

pygame.image.load() 用于加载图像资源

# Initialize pygame and set the colors with captions 
pygame.init() 

# Define color codes 
gray = (119, 118, 110) 
black = (0, 0, 0) 
red = (255, 0, 0) 
green = (0, 200, 0) 
blue = (0, 0, 200) 
bright_red = (255, 0, 0) 
bright_green = (0, 255, 0) 
bright_blue = (0, 0, 255) 

# Define display dimensions 
display_width = 800
display_height = 600

# Set up game display 
gamedisplays = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width, 
										display_height)) 
pygame.display.set_caption("car game") 
clock = pygame.time.Clock() 

# Load car image and background images 
carimg = pygame.image.load('car1.jpg') 
backgroundpic = pygame.image.load("download12.jpg") 
yellow_strip = pygame.image.load("yellow strip.jpg") 
strip = pygame.image.load("strip.jpg") 
intro_background = pygame.image.load("background.jpg") 
instruction_background = pygame.image.load("background2.jpg") 

# Set car width and initialize pause state 
car_width = 56
pause = False

第 3 步：使用 “开始 ”屏幕

在 “开始 ”屏幕中，有三个按钮，分别名为 “开始”、“退出 ”和 “指导”。START 按钮将初始化游戏，QUIT 按钮将退出窗口，INSTRUCTION 按钮将显示玩家控制按钮。

如果当前屏幕是介绍屏幕，那么名为 intro 的布尔值将被设置为 True。

使用 .rect() 绘制矩形。输入长、宽、高来制作矩形。
blit() 将把矩形表面放到屏幕顶部。

# Intro screen 
def intro_loop(): 
	intro = True
	while intro: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 

		# Display background image 
		gamedisplays.blit(intro_background, 
						(0, 0)) 

		# Render and display "CAR GAME" text 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font 
					('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects 
						("CAR GAME", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = (400, 100) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 

		# Render and display "START" button 
		button("START", 150, 520, 100, 50, green, 
								bright_green, "play") 

		# Render and display "QUIT" button 
		button("QUIT", 550, 520, 100, 50, red, 
								bright_red, "quit") 

		# Render and display "INSTRUCTION" button 
		button("INSTRUCTION", 300, 520, 200, 
					50, blue, bright_blue, "intro") 

		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(50)

第 4 步：为按钮添加功能

现在，让我们把这些看起来花哨的按钮变成反应按钮。例如，“播放”（PLAY）按钮应触发主游戏循环，并带有一个计数器，用于计算玩家玩游戏的秒数。“退出”（QUIT）按钮应退出窗口。“介绍”（INTRO）按钮应提供游戏说明手册（详情将在下一步讨论）。

# Function to create a button with specified parameters 
# msg: The text to be displayed on the button 
# x, y: The coordinates of the top-left corner of the button 
# w, h: The width and height of the button 
# ic: The color of the button when inactive 
# ac: The color of the button when active (hovered over) 
# action: The action to be performed when the button is clicked 

def button(msg, x, y, w, h, ic, ac, action=None): 
	# Get the current mouse position 
	mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 
	# Get the current state of mouse buttons 
	click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() 

	# Check if mouse is within the button's boundaries 
	if x+w > mouse[0] > x and y+h > mouse[1] > y: 
		# Draw button with active color 
		pygame.draw.rect(gamedisplays, ac, (x, y, w, h)) 
		# Check if left mouse button is clicked 
		# and action is specified 
		if click[0] == 1 and action != None: 
			# If action is "play", call the countdown() 
			if action == "play": 
				countdown() 
			# If action is "quit", quit the game 
			elif action == "quit": 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 

			elif action == "intro": 
				introduction() 
			# If action is "menu", call the intro_loop() function 
			elif action == "menu": 
				intro_loop() 
			# If action is "pause", call the paused() function 
			elif action == "pause": 
				paused() 
			# If action is "unpause", call the unpaused() function 
				unpaused() 
			elif action == "unpause": 

	else: 
		# Draw button with inactive color 
		pygame.draw.rect(gamedisplays, ic, (x, y, w, h)) 
	smalltext = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 20) 
	textsurf, textrect = text_objects(msg, smalltext) 
	textrect.center = ((x+(w/2)), (y+(h/2))) 
	gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect)

第 5 步：实现介绍界面

由于当前屏幕是说明屏幕，我们将把说明布尔值设为 true。在说明手册中，最重要的是玩家的控制和游戏的内容。因此，我们将在说明界面中组织这些细节。

pygame.font.Font('fontname.ttf', fontsize) => 这将显示指定字体大小的字体

# Function to display the introduction screen 
def introduction(): 
	introduction = True
	while introduction: 
		# Get events from the event queue 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			# If the 'QUIT' event is triggered 
			# (e.g., window closed) 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() # Quit pygame 
				quit() # Quit the game 
				sys.exit() # Exit the system 
		# Draw the instruction background 
		gamedisplays.blit(instruction_background, (0, 0)) 
		# Set font for large text 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 80) 
		# Set font for small text 
		smalltext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 20) 
		# Set font for medium text 
		mediumtext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 40) 

		# Render and draw the instruction text 
		textSurf, textRect = text_objects("This is an car game" +
			"in which you need dodge the coming cars", smalltext) 
		textRect.center = ((350), (200)) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("INSTRUCTION", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((400), (100)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(textSurf, textRect) 

		# Render and draw the control instructions 
		stextSurf, stextRect = text_objects( 
			"ARROW LEFT : LEFT TURN", smalltext) 
		stextRect.center = ((150), (400)) 
		hTextSurf, hTextRect = text_objects( 
			"ARROW RIGHT : RIGHT TURN", smalltext) 
		hTextRect.center = ((150), (450)) 
		atextSurf, atextRect = text_objects 
					("A : ACCELERATOR", smalltext) 
		atextRect.center = ((150), (500)) 
		rtextSurf, rtextRect = text_objects 
						("B : BRAKE ", smalltext) 
		rtextRect.center = ((150), (550)) 
		ptextSurf, ptextRect = text_objects 
						("P : PAUSE ", smalltext) 
		ptextRect.center = ((150), (350)) 
		sTextSurf, sTextRect = text_objects 
							("CONTROLS", mediumtext) 
		sTextRect.center = ((350), (300)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(sTextSurf, sTextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(stextSurf, stextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(hTextSurf, hTextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(atextSurf, atextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(rtextSurf, rtextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(ptextSurf, ptextRect) 

		# Render and draw the 'BACK' button 
		button("BACK", 600, 450, 100, 50, blue, 
							bright_blue, "menu") 

		pygame.display.update() # Update the display 
		clock.tick(30) # Limit frame rate to 30 FPS

第 6 步：实现暂停功能

由于暂停函数会在您玩游戏时出现，因此它应该能够冻结除自身函数外的所有全局操作。因此，为了确保这一点，我们在 “暂停 ”按钮中使用了全局声明，并将其值设置为 True。按下 “暂停 ”按钮后，新界面将显示 “继续”（CONTINUE）、“重启”（RESTART）和 “主菜单”（MAIN MENU）按钮。取消暂停时，我们只需将全局布尔暂停重置为 “False”。

def paused(): 
	global pause 

	# Loop for handling events during pause state 
	while pause: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
		gamedisplays.blit(instruction_background, 
						(0, 0)) 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 
							115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("PAUSED", 
							largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
		(display_width/2), 
		(display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		# Create buttons for continue, restart, and main menu 
		button("CONTINUE", 150, 
			450, 150, 50, 
			green, bright_green, "unpause") 
		button("RESTART", 350, 
			450, 150, 50, 
			blue, bright_blue, "play") 
		button("MAIN MENU", 550, 
			450, 200, 50, 
			red, bright_red, "menu") 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(30) 


def unpaused(): 
	global pause 
	pause = False

第 7 步：游戏倒计时系统

让我们制作一个记分牌，记录得分和躲避汽车的情况。除此之外，我们还可以在 countdown_background() 中设置暂停按钮。

def countdown_background(): 
	# Import the necessary modules and set up the game display 
	# Initialize the font for displaying text 
	font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25) 
	# Set the initial positions for the game objects 
	# (background, strips, car, and text) 
	x = (display_width*0.45) 
	y = (display_height*0.8) 
	# Draw the background images on the game display 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 400)) 
	# Draw the yellow strips on the game display 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 300)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 500)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 600)) 
	# Draw the side strips on the game display 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 200)) 
	# Draw the car on the game display 
	gamedisplays.blit(carimg, (x, y)) 
	# Draw the text for the score and number of dodged cars 
	text = font.render("DODGED: 0", True, black) 
	score = font.render("SCORE: 0", True, red) 
	gamedisplays.blit(text, (0, 50)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(score, (0, 30)) 
	# Draw the "PAUSE" button on the game display 
	button("PAUSE", 650, 0, 150, 50, blue, bright_blue, "pause")

第 8 步：执行倒计时函数

只要游戏开始，我们的倒计时就会开启，因此我们要将布尔值 countdown 设为 true。现在循环直到倒计时为 true，并在循环中调用 countdown_background。此外，在倒计时期间，时钟应该每 1 秒滴答作响一次，因此设置 clock.tick(1)。每秒钟后，我们将更新显示内容。这个循环一直持续到倒计时布尔值变为 false。

	gamedisplay.fill(color) => 这将用给定的颜色显示游戏画面
	pygame.display.update() => 每次调用它都会更新整个游戏图形界面。

def countdown(): 
	# Initialize a boolean variable to indicate if countdown is i 
		# n progress 
	countdown = True
	# Continue looping until countdown is complete 
	while countdown: 
		# Check for events in the pygame event queue 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			# If user closes the game window 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() # Quit pygame 
				quit() # Quit the game 
				sys.exit() # Exit the program 
		# Fill the game display with a gray color 
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		# Call a function to display the countdown background 
		countdown_background() 

		# Display "3" in large font at the center of the screen 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("3", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) # Delay for 1 second 

		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 

		# Display "2" in large font at the center of the screen 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("2", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) # Delay for 1 second 

		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 

		# Display "1" in large font at the center of the screen 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("1", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) # Delay for 1 second 

		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 

		# Display "GO!!!" in large font at the center of the screen 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("GO!!!", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) # Delay for 1 second 
		# Call the game loop function after the countdown is complete 
		game_loop()

第 9 步：定义游戏中的障碍物

在赛车比赛中会有一些障碍物，比如对手的赛车，因此让我们来定义这些障碍物。要制作障碍物，我们需要它们的 x、y 和 obs id。获得这些信息后，我们就可以在游戏窗口中轻松加载这些障碍物了。

# Loading the obstacles 
def obstacle(obs_startx, obs_starty, obs): 
	if obs == 0: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car.jpg") 
	elif obs == 1: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car1.jpg") 
	elif obs == 2: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car2.jpg") 
	elif obs == 3: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car4.jpg") 
	elif obs == 4: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car5.jpg") 
	elif obs == 5: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car6.jpg") 
	elif obs == 6: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car7.jpg") 
	gamedisplays.blit(obs_pic, (obs_startx, obs_starty))

第 10 步： 实现得分系统

score_system()函数用于显示分数，在下面将要讨论的 game_loop 函数中使用。text_objects()函数用于在屏幕上渲染文本。

def score_system(passed, score): 
	# Create a font object with size 25 
	font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25) 
	# Render the "Passed" text with passed parameter 
	# and color black 
	text = font.render("Passed"+str(passed), True, black) 
	# Render the "Score" text with score parameter and color red 
	score = font.render("Score"+str(score), True, red) 
	# Draw the "Passed" text on the game display at (0, 50) 
	# coordinates 
	gamedisplays.blit(text, (0, 50)) 
	# Draw the "Score" text on the game display at (0, 30) 
	# coordinates 
	gamedisplays.blit(score, (0, 30)) 


def text_objects(text, font): 
	# Render the given text with the given font and color black 
	textsurface = font.render(text, True, black) 
	return textsurface, textsurface.get_rect() 


def message_display(text): 
	# Create a font object with size 80 
	largetext = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 80) 
	# Render the given text with the created font 
	textsurf, textrect = text_objects(text, largetext) 
	textrect.center = ((display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
	# Draw the rendered text on the game display at the center of the 
	# screen 
	gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect) 
	pygame.display.update() 
	time.sleep(3) 
	game_loop()

第 11 步：后备逻辑

无论开发人员创建什么程序，都应该考虑到一些回退机制，即如果程序出错无法运行，用户应该知道发生了什么。在本例中，我们将在主屏幕上显示 “YOU CRASHED”（你崩溃了）的信息。

def crash(): 
	message_display("YOU CRASHED")

第 12 步：屏幕上的游戏用户界面

对于赛车游戏来说，我们需要一个道路图像和一些背景场景地形。我们将在背景功能中制作该用户界面。黄色条纹是道路上的竖条纹，通常位于道路中间。

# on Screen UI 
def background(): 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 300)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 500)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 200)) 


def car(x, y): 
	gamedisplays.blit(carimg, (x, y))

第 13 步：运行游戏

初始化 game_loop()后，我们将检查布尔暂停是否为假，如果为假，则继续游戏。我们会将 obstacle_speed 设置为 9，你可以根据自己的需要更改速度。为了检查玩家是否撞到了汽车，我们将把布尔值 bumped 初始化为 false。除此以外，在 game_loop 函数中，我们还将配置玩家的控制、每一关后障碍物速度的增加以及记分牌的递增。

#!/usr/bin/python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

def game_loop(): 
	global pause 
	x = display_width * 0.45
	y = display_height * 0.8
	x_change = 0
	obstacle_speed = 9
	obs = 0
	y_change = 0
	obs_startx = random.randrange(200, display_width - 200) 
	obs_starty = -750
	obs_width = 56
	obs_height = 125
	passed = 0
	level = 0
	score = 0
	y2 = 7
	fps = 120

	# flag to indicate that the player has been crashed 

	bumped = False

	while not bumped: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 

			if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
					x_change = -5
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
					x_change = 5
				if event.key == pygame.K_a: 
					obstacle_speed += 2
				if event.key == pygame.K_b: 
					obstacle_speed -= 2
			if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
					x_change = 0
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
					x_change = 0

		# Update player's car position 

	x += x_change 

	# Set pause flag to True 

	pause = True

	# Fill the game display with gray color 

	gamedisplays.fill(gray) 

	# Update background position 

	rel_y = y2 % backgroundpic.get_rect().width 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, rel_y 
									- backgroundpic.get_rect().width)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, rel_y 
									- backgroundpic.get_rect().width)) 

	# Draw background strips 

	if rel_y < 800: 

		# Draw background strips 

		gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, rel_y)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, rel_y)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y + 100)) 

	# Update obstacle positions and display them 

	y2 += obstacle_speed 
	obs_starty -= obstacle_speed / 4
	obstacle(obs_startx, obs_starty, obs) 
	obs_starty += obstacle_speed 

	# Update player's car position and display it 

	car(x, y) 

	# Update score system and display score 

	score_system(passed, score) 

	# Check for collision with screen edges and call crash() 
	# function if collision occurs 

	if x > 690 - car_width or x < 110: 
		crash() 
	if x > display_width - (car_width + 110): 
		crash() 
	if x < 110: 
		crash() 

	# Update obstacle positions and display them 

	if obs_starty > display_height: 
		obs_starty = 0 - obs_height 
		obs_startx = random.randrange(170, display_width - 170) 
		obs = random.randrange(0, 7) 
		passed = passed + 1
		score = passed * 10

		# Check for level up and update obstacle speed, display 
		# level text, and pause for 3 seconds 

		if int(passed) % 10 == 0: 
			level = level + 1
			obstacle_speed += 2
			largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 80) 
			(textsurf, textrect) = text_objects('LEVEL' + str(level), 
												largetext) 
			textrect.center = (display_width / 2, display_height / 2) 
			gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect) 
			pygame.display.update() 
			time.sleep(3) 

	# Check for collision with obstacles and call crash() 
	# function if collision occurs 

	if y < obs_starty + obs_height: 
		if x > obs_startx and x < obs_startx + obs_width or x \ 
			+ car_width > obs_startx and x + car_width < obs_startx \ 
				+ obs_width: 
			crash() 

	# Draw pause button 

	button( 
		'Pause', 
		650, 
		0, 
		150, 
		50, 
		blue, 
		bright_blue, 
		'pause', 
	) 

	# Update game display and set frames per second to 60 

	pygame.display.update() 
	clock.tick(60)

第 14 步：调用函数

现在让我们调用重要函数来启动游戏，即

  • intro_loop()： PLAY（播放）、QUIT（退出）和 INSTRUCTION（指导）按钮屏幕。
  • game_loop() ： 游戏的逻辑： 用于退出游戏窗口
intro_loop() 
game_loop() 
pygame.quit() 
quit()

第 15 步：Window.py 文件

现在，所有这些程序都需要窗口选项卡才能运行。因此，让我们在当前目录下创建一个新文件 window.py（快照附在下面），并复制以下代码，现在运行代码，你就可以玩游戏了。

# Importing the Pygame library for game development 
import pygame 

# Importing the Time module for handling 
# time-related operations 
import time 

# Initializing Pygame 
pygame.init() 

# Width of the game window 
display_width = 800

# Height of the game window 
display_height = 600

# Setting the display mode with specified width and height 
display = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width, 
								display_height)) 

# Updating the display 
pygame.display.update() 

# Setting the caption/title of the game window 
pygame.display.set_caption("Car Game") 

# Creating a Clock object to control game frame rate 
clock = pygame.time.Clock() 

# Flag to indicate if the car is bumped or not 
bumped = False

# Looping until the car is bumped 
while not bumped: 
	# Checking for events (e.g. key presses, mouse clicks) 
	for event in pygame.event.get(): 
		# If the QUIT event is triggered (user closes the game window) 
		if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
			# Set the bumped flag to True to exit the game loop 
			bumped = True
			# Quitting the game and closing the game window 
			quit()

完整代码片段

# code for developing car racing game in python 
import pygame 
import time 
import random 

# initialize pygame and set the colors 
pygame.init() 
gray = (119, 118, 110) 
black = (0, 0, 0) 
red = (255, 0, 0) 
green = (0, 200, 0) 
blue = (0, 0, 200) 
bright_red = (255, 0, 0) 
bright_green = (0, 255, 0) 
bright_blue = (0, 0, 255) 
display_width = 800
display_height = 600

gamedisplays = pygame.display.set_mode( 
	(display_width, display_height)) 
pygame.display.set_caption("car game") 
clock = pygame.time.Clock() 
carimg = pygame.image.load('car1.jpg') 
backgroundpic = pygame.image.load("download12.jpg") 
yellow_strip = pygame.image.load("yellow strip.jpg") 
strip = pygame.image.load("strip.jpg") 
intro_background = pygame.image.load("background.jpg") 
instruction_background = pygame.image.load("background2.jpg") 
car_width = 56
pause = False

# Intro screen 


def intro_loop(): 
	intro = True
	while intro: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
		gamedisplays.blit(intro_background, (0, 0)) 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("CAR GAME", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = (400, 100) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		button("START", 150, 520, 100, 50, green, 
			bright_green, "play") 
		button("QUIT", 550, 520, 100, 
			50, 
			red, 
			bright_red, 
			"quit") 
		button("INSTRUCTION", 300, 520, 200, 
			50, blue, bright_blue, 
			"intro") 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(50) 


def button(msg, x, y, w, h, ic, ac, action=None): 
	mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() 
	click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() 
	if x+w > mouse[0] > x and y+h > mouse[1] > y: 
		pygame.draw.rect(gamedisplays, 
						ac, (x, y, w, h)) 
		if click[0] == 1 and action != None: 
			if action == "play": 
				countdown() 
			elif action == "quit": 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
			elif action == "intro": 
				introduction() 
			elif action == "menu": 
				intro_loop() 
			elif action == "pause": 
				paused() 
			elif action == "unpause": 
				unpaused() 

	else: 
		pygame.draw.rect(gamedisplays, 
						ic, 
						(x, y, w, h)) 
	smalltext = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 20) 
	textsurf, textrect = text_objects(msg, smalltext) 
	textrect.center = ((x+(w/2)), (y+(h/2))) 
	gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect) 


def introduction(): 
	introduction = True
	while introduction: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
		gamedisplays.blit(instruction_background, (0, 0)) 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 80) 
		smalltext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 20) 
		mediumtext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 40) 
		textSurf, textRect = text_objects( 
			"This is an car game in which you" +
			"need dodge the coming cars", smalltext) 
		textRect.center = ((350), (200)) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("INSTRUCTION", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ((400), (100)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(textSurf, textRect) 
		stextSurf, stextRect = text_objects( 
			"ARROW LEFT : LEFT TURN", smalltext) 
		stextRect.center = ((150), (400)) 
		hTextSurf, hTextRect = text_objects( 
			"ARROW RIGHT : RIGHT TURN", smalltext) 
		hTextRect.center = ((150), (450)) 
		atextSurf, atextRect = text_objects("A : ACCELERATOR", smalltext) 
		atextRect.center = ((150), (500)) 
		rtextSurf, rtextRect = text_objects("B : BRAKE ", smalltext) 
		rtextRect.center = ((150), (550)) 
		ptextSurf, ptextRect = text_objects("P : PAUSE ", smalltext) 
		ptextRect.center = ((150), (350)) 
		sTextSurf, sTextRect = text_objects("CONTROLS", mediumtext) 
		sTextRect.center = ((350), (300)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(sTextSurf, sTextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(stextSurf, stextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(hTextSurf, hTextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(atextSurf, atextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(rtextSurf, rtextRect) 
		gamedisplays.blit(ptextSurf, ptextRect) 
		button("BACK", 600, 450, 100, 50, blue, 
			bright_blue, "menu") 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(30) 


def paused(): 
	global pause 

	while pause: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
		gamedisplays.blit(instruction_background, (0, 0)) 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("PAUSED", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
			(display_width/2), 
			(display_height/2) 
		) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		button("CONTINUE", 150, 450, 
			150, 50, green, 
			bright_green, "unpause") 
		button("RESTART", 350, 450, 150, 
			50, blue, bright_blue, 
			"play") 
		button("MAIN MENU", 550, 450, 
			200, 50, red, bright_red, 
			"menu") 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(30) 


def unpaused(): 
	global pause 
	pause = False


def countdown_background(): 
	font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25) 
	x = (display_width*0.45) 
	y = (display_height*0.8) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 300)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 500)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 600)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(carimg, (x, y)) 
	text = font.render("DODGED: 0", True, black) 
	score = font.render("SCORE: 0", True, red) 
	gamedisplays.blit(text, (0, 50)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(score, (0, 30)) 
	button("PAUSE", 650, 0, 150, 50, blue, bright_blue, "pause") 


def countdown(): 
	countdown = True

	while countdown: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 
				sys.exit() 
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("3", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
			(display_width/2), 
			(display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) 
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("2", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
			(display_width/2), 
			(display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) 
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("1", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
			(display_width/2), 
			(display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) 
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 
		countdown_background() 
		largetext = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 115) 
		TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("GO!!!", largetext) 
		TextRect.center = ( 
			(display_width/2), 
			(display_height/2)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(TextSurf, TextRect) 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(1) 
		game_loop() 


def obstacle(obs_startx, obs_starty, obs): 
	if obs == 0: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car.jpg") 
	elif obs == 1: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car1.jpg") 
	elif obs == 2: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car2.jpg") 
	elif obs == 3: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car4.jpg") 
	elif obs == 4: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car5.jpg") 
	elif obs == 5: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car6.jpg") 
	elif obs == 6: 
		obs_pic = pygame.image.load("car7.jpg") 
	gamedisplays.blit(obs_pic, 
					(obs_startx, 
					obs_starty)) 


def score_system(passed, score): 
	font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25) 
	text = font.render("Passed"+str(passed), True, black) 
	score = font.render("Score"+str(score), True, red) 
	gamedisplays.blit(text, (0, 50)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(score, (0, 30)) 


def text_objects(text, font): 
	textsurface = font.render(text, True, black) 
	return textsurface, textsurface.get_rect() 


def message_display(text): 
	largetext = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 80) 
	textsurf, textrect = text_objects(text, largetext) 
	textrect.center = ( 
		(display_width/2), 
		(display_height/2)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect) 
	pygame.display.update() 
	time.sleep(3) 
	game_loop() 


def crash(): 
	message_display("YOU CRASHED") 


def background(): 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 300)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 400)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, 500)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, 200)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 0)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 100)) 
	gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, 200)) 


def car(x, y): 
	gamedisplays.blit(carimg, (x, y)) 


def game_loop(): 
	global pause 
	x = (display_width*0.45) 
	y = (display_height*0.8) 
	x_change = 0
	obstacle_speed = 9
	obs = 0
	y_change = 0
	obs_startx = random.randrange(200, 
								(display_width-200)) 
	obs_starty = -750
	obs_width = 56
	obs_height = 125
	passed = 0
	level = 0
	score = 0
	y2 = 7
	fps = 120

	bumped = False
	while not bumped: 
		for event in pygame.event.get(): 
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
				pygame.quit() 
				quit() 

			if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
					x_change = -5
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
					x_change = 5
				if event.key == pygame.K_a: 
					obstacle_speed += 2
				if event.key == pygame.K_b: 
					obstacle_speed -= 2
			if event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
					x_change = 0
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
					x_change = 0

		x += x_change 
		pause = True
		gamedisplays.fill(gray) 

		rel_y = y2 % backgroundpic.get_rect().width 
		gamedisplays.blit( 
			backgroundpic, (0, 
							rel_y-backgroundpic.get_rect().width)) 
		gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, 
						(700, rel_y -
						backgroundpic.get_rect().width)) 
		if rel_y < 800: 
			gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (0, rel_y)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(backgroundpic, (700, rel_y)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y+100)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y+200)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y+300)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y+400)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y+500)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(yellow_strip, (400, rel_y-100)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, rel_y-200)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, rel_y+20)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (120, rel_y+30)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, rel_y-100)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, rel_y+20)) 
			gamedisplays.blit(strip, (680, rel_y+30)) 

		y2 += obstacle_speed 

		obs_starty -= (obstacle_speed/4) 
		obstacle(obs_startx, obs_starty, obs) 
		obs_starty += obstacle_speed 
		car(x, y) 
		score_system(passed, score) 
		if x > 690-car_width or x < 110: 
			crash() 
		if x > display_width-(car_width+110) or x < 110: 
			crash() 
		if obs_starty > display_height: 
			obs_starty = 0-obs_height 
			obs_startx = random.randrange(170, 
										(display_width-170)) 
			obs = random.randrange(0, 7) 
			passed = passed+1
			score = passed*10
			if int(passed) % 10 == 0: 
				level = level+1
				obstacle_speed+2
				largetext = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 80) 
				textsurf, textrect = text_objects( 
					"LEVEL"+str(level), largetext) 
				textrect.center = ( 
					(display_width/2), (display_height/2)) 
				gamedisplays.blit(textsurf, textrect) 
				pygame.display.update() 
				time.sleep(3) 

		if y < obs_starty+obs_height: 
			if x > obs_startx and x < \ 
					obs_startx + obs_width or x+car_width > \ 
					(obs_startx and x+car_width < obs_startx+obs_width): 
				crash() 
		button("Pause", 650, 0, 150, 50, blue, bright_blue, "pause") 
		pygame.display.update() 
		clock.tick(60) 


intro_loop() 
game_loop() 
pygame.quit() 
quit()

在这里插入图片描述

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很简单也很使用的小技巧，就是在Unity3D中实现FPS数值。实现的思路就是，在Update里面，使用+=Time.deltaTime，得到一帧的秒数。然后，每过一秒，去除以固定帧率30帧，得到这一秒的FPS值。
《黑神话：悟空》的发布是否能打开元宇宙游戏世界的门
Likelib的博客
08-21 379
《黑神话：悟空》、《神念无界-源起山海》这类所展示出国产技术高水准的游戏领域的突破，也为元宇宙未来的发展打下了坚实的基础。
敲桌子游戏
zhourongxiang1的博客
08-20 413
在饭局上，会玩一种敲桌子的游戏，从1报数到100，如果报到个位含有7，或者十位含有7，或者7的倍数的数字，则报数人不能报出该数字，而是敲桌子代替。如果违反了规则，则进行一定的惩罚。
pygame开发课程系列（6）： 游戏优化与发布
08-19 556
通过控制帧率、减少不必要的计算以及使用工具如 PyInstaller，你可以显著提升游戏的性能，并方便地进行发布。这些步骤将帮助你将游戏推向更广泛的受众，并确保用户获得最佳的游戏体验。在接下来的章节中，我们将实践这些知识，开发一些有趣的游戏项目。PyInstaller 是一个流行的工具，可以将 Python 程序打包成独立的可执行文件。本章将探讨如何提升游戏性能，以及如何将游戏打包成独立的可执行文件，以便于分发和使用。保证游戏以每秒 60 帧的速度运行，从而避免了过高的帧率带来的性能问题。
IAA游戏APP如何让合理地让用户观看更多广告，提高广告渗透率
08-20 248
增加APP内的广告场景，开发者可以通过开屏、签到等场景选取更多广告样式。广告变现已经成为休闲游戏开发者重要的收益方式之一，超50%国内休闲游戏已经采用广告变现的方式，游戏广告预算是游戏行业开发者广告变现的主要预算来源。建议开发者及时更新最新广告SDK，适配行业最新的广告样式，助力提升广告收益。app、小程序广告变现可以对接AdSet聚合广告平台，广告高填充，对接门槛低。：通过激励广告为用户补充当前需求的留存工具，助力留存的同时提升广告渗透。保障游戏体验的基础上，强调付费价值，通过渗透激励广告来促进内购。
解密《黑神话：悟空》脚本
加密社的博客
08-22 6880
总结一下，《黑神话：悟空》的脚本方案是基于 USharp 进行了大量定制化的改进，他们自己实现了支持 mono、clr 和 il2cpp 的运行模式，并且这套方案还支持多个平台，包括 PC、Mac、Linux、Android、iOS、PS5 和 Xbox。此外，虽然游戏的代码中集成了 Unreal.js，但看起来并没有真正使用到它。他们还使用了一种自研的状态机或行为树系统，并且配置表是以 protobuf 结构的二进制数据形式存储的。
unity的 Assembly definitions- asmdef文件
08-23 90
似乎可以玩的东西有些，比如unsafe code.手册有点长，慢慢研究。
实现Kruskal算法连通游戏地图地牢
a1309602336的博客
08-22 289
白色点矩形是地牢，其中白线是按照krsukal算法连接的画总长最短的线连出来的路径。
C/C++控制台贪吃蛇游戏的实现
fzy20110826的博客
08-20 2329
本文对给定的贪吃蛇游戏代码进行详细分析。该游戏使用 C++语言编写，通过控制台界面实现了经典的贪吃蛇游戏玩法，包括登录、注册、游戏介绍、游戏操作和计分等功能。
Unity 波函数坍缩算法随机地图生成
Maddie_Mo的博客
08-20 872
在量子力学里，量子系统的量子态可以用波函数（英语：Wave function）来描述。薛定谔方程设定波函数如何随着时间流逝而演化。通过这个教程，我们可以生成一个具有多个路径和死胡同的迷宫地图，每个玩家体验迷宫时都会有不同的路线。这个教程展示了波函数坍缩算法如何用于创建具有特定规则和随机性的游戏地图。
unity 基本内容
weixin_44919646的博客
08-23 134
unity 基本内容
Unity3D URP 后处理如何作用于 UI 控件 Image 的详解
Thomas_YXQ的博客
08-19 1045
Unity3D 中的 Universal Render Pipeline (URP) 是一个强大的渲染工具，用于提升游戏和应用的视觉效果。然而，URP 的后处理效果默认作用于相机渲染的 3D 场景，而 UI 控件（如 Image）是独立于相机渲染的，因此直接应用后处理效果到 UI 控件上并不直接支持。本文将详细介绍如何通过一些技术方法间接实现 URP 后处理效果对 UI 控件 Image 的影响，并提供相应的代码实现。对惹，这里有一个游戏开发交流小组，大家可以点击进来一起交流一下开发经验呀！
【Python游戏】Joystick游戏手柄编程介绍
分享是一种境界，勤于分享，乐于分享！
08-23 511
本文简单介绍一下python中pygame.joystick游戏手柄模块的使用。什么是Python？Python是由荷兰人吉多·范罗苏姆于1990年代初设计的一门编程语言，应用领域非常广泛，尤其在数据分析、人工智能、游戏开发等领域，已经成为最受欢迎的程序设计语言之一，比较适合新手学习。Python语言标准库官方使用手册：https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/什么是Pygame？
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