linux下部署5.7mysql_Linux Centos7.x 安装部署Mysql5.7几种方式的操作手册

简述

Linux  Centos7.x 操作系统版本下针对Mysql的安装和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，下面介绍下在centos7.x环境里安装mysql5.7的几种方法：

一、yum方式安装

3.1、安装MySQL YUM资源库

[root@jira-wiki ~]# yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

3.2、安装MySQL 5.7

[root@jira-wiki ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server

3.3、启动MySQL服务器和MySQL的自动启动

[root@jira-wiki ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service

[root@jira-wiki ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service

3.4、密码问题

由于MySQL从5.7开始不允许首次安装后使用空密码进行登录！为了加强安全性，系统会随机生成一个密码以供管理员首次登录使用，

这个密码记录在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中，使用下面的命令可以查看此密码：

[root@jira-wiki ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep ‘A temporary password‘

2018-01-24T02:32:20.210903Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: DOqInortw9/<

最后一行冒号后面的部分DOqInortw9/

使用此密码登录MySQL:

[root@jira-wiki ~]# mysql -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.21

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

使用随机生产的密码登录到服务端后，必须马上修改密码，不然会报如下错误：

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

有两种方法解决上面的报错(如下的123456是修改后的密码)：

mysql> set password=password("123456");

或者

mysql> alter user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

刷新权限

mysql> flush privileges;

===============================================================================================

如果上面在执行set password=password("123456");命令后出现下面的报错：

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

解决办法：

这个与Mysql 密码安全策略validate_password_policy的值有关，validate_password_policy可以取0、1、2三个值：

0 or LOW Length

1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters

2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary

默认的数值是1，符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

有时候，只是为了自己测试，不想密码设置得那么复杂，譬如说，我只想设置root的密码为123456。

必须修改两个全局参数：

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改上面两个参数后，就可以解决这个报错了。

=======================================================================================================

注意一点：

mysql5.7之后的数据库里mysql.user表里已经没有password这个字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string。

所以修改密码的命令如下：

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password(‘kevin@123‘) where user=‘root‘;

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

=======================================================================================================

查看mysql版本

mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.21 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

=======================================================================================================

修改mysql5.7的编码由latin1为utf8

默认编码：

mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

+----------------------+-------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |

| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |

+----------------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

调整操作：

[root@jira-wiki ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

......

[mysqld]

......

character-set-server=utf8 //注意这个不能写成default-character-set=utf8，否则会导致5.7版本mysql无法打开

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

[root@kevin~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

[root@kevin~]# mysql -p

......

mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>