Git：第二章 Git常用命令

第2章 Git 常用命令

2.1 设置用户签名

命令名称	作用
git config --global user.name 用户名	设置用户签名
git config --global user.email 邮箱	设置用户签名

签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份。用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到，一次确认本次提交是谁做的。Git 首次安装必须设置一下用户签名，否则无法提交代码。
注意：这里设置用户签名和将来登录 GitHub（或其它代码托管中心）的账号没有任何关系。

2.2 初始化本地库

1）基本语法
git init
2）案例实操

PS E:\rep\git-demo> git init
Initialized empty Git repository in E:/rep/git-demo/.git/

2.3 查看本地库状态

$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

添加一个文件 hello.txt

$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        hello.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

2.4 添加暂存区

$ git add hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory

warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt. 这句话的意思是git自动转换了行末换行符，将LF 转换为CRLF，CRLF是我的工作目录下的默认换行符。

$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
        new file:   hello.txt

$ git rm --cached hello.txt
rm 'hello.txt'


$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        hello.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)


$ ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 mcj 197121 400  5月 18 22:28 hello.txt

2.5 提交本地库

git commit -m "日志信息" 文件名

$ git commit -m "first commit"hello.txt
[master (root-commit) fe5f492] first commithello.txt
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hello.txt


$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean

2.6 修改文件

git 按行维护文件

$ git commit -m "second commit" hello.txt
[master e0a6e56] second commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

第3次修改

$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   hello.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

$ git add hello.txt

$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        modified:   hello.txt

$ git commit -m "third commit" hello.txt
[master e210c7f] third commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

查看版本信息：

$ git reflog
e210c7f (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: third commit
e0a6e56 HEAD@{1}: commit: second commit
fe5f492 HEAD@{2}: commit (initial): first commithello.txt

2.7 历史版本

2.7.1 查看历史版本

1 基本语法
git reflog 查看版本信息
git log 查看版本详细信息

2.7.2 版本穿梭

git reset --hard <版本号>

$ git reset --hard e0a6e56
HEAD is now at e0a6e56 second commit


$ git reflog
e0a6e56 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to e0a6e56
e210c7f HEAD@{1}: commit: third commit
e0a6e56 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit: second commit
fe5f492 HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): first commithello.txt