《C++ Primer Plus》第18章：探讨 C++ 新标准（9）

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 23:15:53 发布

kikato2022

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 23:15:53 发布

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 算法开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40064300/article/details/129333011

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编程练习

下面是一个简短程序的一部分：

int main() {
	using namespace std;
	// list of double deduced from list contents
	auto q = average_list ({15.4, 10.7, 9.0});
	cout << q << endl;
	// list of int deduced from list contents
	cout << average_list({20, 30, 19, 17, 45, 38} ) << endl;
	// forced list of double
	auto ad = average_list<double>({'A', 70, 65.33 });
	cout << ad << endl;
	return 0;
}

请提供函数 average_list()，让该程序变得完整。它应该是一个模板函数，其中的类型参数指定了用作函数参数的 initialize_list 模板的类型以及函数的返回类型。
答：

#include<iostream>
#include<initializer_list>

template<typename T>
T average_list(std::initializer_list<T> List){
    T t;
    for(auto iter = List.begin(); iter != List.end(); iter++ ){
        t += *iter;
    }
    t = t / List.size();
    return t;
}

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    // list of double deduced from list contents
    auto q = average_list ({15.4, 10.7, 9.0});
    cout << q << endl;
    // list of int deduced from list contents
    cout << average_list({20, 30, 19, 17, 45, 38} ) << endl;
    // forced list of double
    auto ad = average_list<double>({'A', 70, 65.33 });
    cout << ad << endl;
    return 0;
}

下面是类 Cpmv 的声明：

class Cpmv {
public:
	struct Info {
		std::string qcode;
		std::string zcode;
	};
private:
	Info *pi;
public:
	Cpmv();
	Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z);
	Cpmv(const Cpmv & cp);
	Cpmv(Cpmv && mv);
	~Cpmv();
	Cpmv & operator=(const Cpmv & cp);
	Cpmv & operator=(Cpmv && mv);
	Cpmv operator+(const Cpmv & obj) const;
	void Display() const;
};

函数 operator+() 应创建一个对象，其成员 qcode 和 zcode 有操作数的相应成员拼接而成。请提供为移动构造函数和移动复制运算符实现移动语义的代码。编写一个使用所有这些方法的程序。为方便测试，让各个方法都显示特定的内容，以便知道它们被调用。

#include<string>
#include<iostream>

class Cpmv {
public:
    struct Info {
        std::string qcode;
        std::string zcode;
    };
private:
    Info *pi;
public:
    Cpmv();
    Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z);
    Cpmv(const Cpmv & cp);
    Cpmv(Cpmv && mv);
    ~Cpmv();
    Cpmv & operator=(const Cpmv & cp);
    Cpmv & operator=(Cpmv && mv);
    Cpmv operator+(const Cpmv & obj) const;
    void Display() const;
};

Cpmv::Cpmv() {
    std::cout << "default constructer" << std::endl;
    pi = new Info;
    pi->qcode = "null";
    pi->zcode = "null";
}

Cpmv::Cpmv(std::string q, std::string z){
    std::cout << "constructer" << std::endl;
    pi = new Info;
    pi->qcode = q;
    pi->zcode = z;
}

Cpmv::Cpmv(const Cpmv & cp){
    std::cout << "copy constructer" << std::endl;
    pi = new Info(*cp.pi);
}

Cpmv::Cpmv(Cpmv && mv){
    std::cout << "move constructor" << std::endl;
    pi = mv.pi;
    mv.pi = nullptr;
}

Cpmv::~Cpmv() {
    std::cout << "destructor" << std::endl;
    delete pi;
}

Cpmv & Cpmv::operator=(const Cpmv & cp) {
    std::cout << "assigment" << std::endl;
    if(this == &cp){
        return *this;
    }
    delete pi;
    pi = new Info(*cp.pi);
    return *this;
}

Cpmv & Cpmv::operator=(Cpmv && mv) {
    std::cout << "move assignment" << std::endl;
    delete pi;
    pi = mv.pi;
    mv.pi = nullptr;
    return *this;
}

Cpmv Cpmv::operator+(const Cpmv & obj) const {
    std::cout << "operator+" << std::endl;
    Cpmv c;
    c.pi->qcode = pi->qcode + obj.pi->qcode;
    c.pi->zcode = pi->zcode + obj.pi->zcode;
    return c;
}

void Cpmv::Display() const {
    std::cout << pi->qcode << " " << pi->zcode << std::endl;
}

int main(){
    {
        Cpmv c1;
        c1.Display();
        Cpmv c2("c2c2c2", "2c2c2c");
        c2.Display();
        Cpmv c3("c3c3c3", "c3c3c3");
        c3.Display();
        Cpmv c4(c3);
        c4.Display();
        Cpmv c5(c2+c3);
        c5.Display();
        c1 = c5;
        c1.Display();
        c1 = c5+c5;
        c1.Display();
    }

    return 0;
}

编写并测试可变参数模板函数 sum_value()，它接受任意长度的参数列表（其中包含数值，但可以是任何类型），并以 long double 的方式返回这些数值的和。

#include <ios>
#include<iostream>

template<typename T>
long double sum_value(const T & t){
    return t;
}
template<typename T, typename... Args>
long double sum_value(const T & t, const Args&... args){
    return t + sum_value(args...);
}

int main() {
    std::cout << sum_value(1,2,3,4,5) << std::endl;
    std::cout << sum_value(1,2,3,4,5,6,7) << std::endl;;
    std::cout.precision(5);
    std::cout.setf(std::ios_base::fixed, std::ios_base::floatfield);
    std::cout << sum_value(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

使用 lambda 重新编写程序清单 16.15。具体地说，使用一个有名称的 lambda 替换函数 outint()，并将函数符替换为两个匿名 lambda 表达式。

// functor.cpp -- using a functor
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>

// template<class T> // functor class defines operator()()
// class TooBig{
// private:
//     T cutoff;
// public:
//     TooBig(const T & t) : cutoff(t) {}
//     bool operator()(const T & v) { return v > cutoff; }
// };

//void outint(int n) { std::cout << n << " ";}
auto outint = [](int n) { std::cout << n << " ";};

int main(){
    using std::list;
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;

    //TooBig<int> f100(100);  // limit = 100
    int vals[10] = {50, 100, 90, 180, 60, 210, 415, 88, 188, 201};
    list<int> yadayada(vals, vals+10); // range constructor
    list<int> etcetera(vals, vals+10);

    // C++11 cna use the following instead
    // list<int> yadayada = {50, 100, 90, 180, 60, 210, 415, 88, 188, 201};
    // list<int> etcetera {50, 100, 90, 180, 60, 210, 415, 88, 188, 201};
    cout << "Original lists:\n";
    for_each(yadayada.begin(), yadayada.end(), outint);
    cout << endl;
    std::for_each(etcetera.begin(), etcetera.end(), outint);
    cout << endl;
    yadayada.remove_if([](int n){return n > 100;});
    etcetera.remove_if([](int n){return n > 200;});

    cout << "Trimmed lists:\n";
    for_each(yadayada.begin(), yadayada.end(), outint);
    cout << endl;
    for_each(etcetera.begin(), etcetera.end(), outint);
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}