Scala 模式匹配

目录

 

介绍

1）基本匹配

2）含有条件的匹配

3）Array 匹配

4）List匹配

5）数据类型匹配

6）异常处理

7）case class匹配

---

介绍

类似Java中的switch case

变量 match{
    case value1 => xxx
    case value2 => xxx
    .....
    case _ => xxx
}

1）基本匹配

val names = Array("lisi", "zhangsan", "wanger")

val name = names(Random.nextInt(names.length))

name match {
  case "lisi" => println("MR li")
  case "zhangsan" => println("MR zhang")
  case _ => println("who?")
}

// 结果

MR li

 

2）含有条件的匹配

def judgeScore(name: String, score: String): Unit = {

    score match {
      case "A" => println("very good.")
      case "B" => println("not bad")
      case "C" => println("need work.")
      case _ if (name == "lisi") => println(name + ", you could better")
      case _ => println("hehe.....")
    }
  }

  judgeScore("zhangsan", "E")
  judgeScore("lisi", "A")

// 结果
hehe.....
very good.

3）Array 匹配

我们公司用到较多的

  // Array
  def greeting(array: Array[String]): Unit = {
    array match {
      case Array("zhangsan") => println("hi, zhangsan")
      case Array(x, y) => println("hi, " + x + ", " + y)
      case Array("zhangsan", _*) => println("hi, zhangsan and others")
      case _ => println("hi, everyone....")
    }
  }

  greeting(Array("zhangsan"))
  greeting(Array("lisi", "wanger"))
  greeting(Array("zhangsan", "lisi", "zhaosi"))
  greeting(Array("lisi", "zhangsan", "wanger"))

// 结果
hi, zhangsan
hi, lisi, wanger
hi, zhangsan and others
hi, everyone....

4）List匹配

  // List
  def greeting(list: List[String]): Unit = {
    list match {
      case "zhangsan" :: Nil => println("zhangsan")
      case x :: y :: Nil => println(x + ", " + y)
      case _ => println("hi, everyone")
    }
  }

  greeting(List("zhangsan"))
  greeting(List("zhangsan", "li"))
  greeting(List("wanger", "zhangsan", "lisi"))

// 结果
zhangsan
zhangsan, li
hi, everyone

5）数据类型匹配

  // 类型匹配
  def matchType(obj: Any): Unit = {
    obj match {
      case x: Int => println("Int")
      case s: String => println("string")
      case m: Map[_, _] => m.foreach(println)
      case _ => println("other type")
    }
  }

  matchType(1)
  matchType("lisi")
  matchType(1l)
  matchType(Map("name" -> "lisi"))

// 结果
Int
string
other type
(name,lisi)

6）异常处理

 // 异常处理
  try {
    val i = 10 / 0

    println(i)
  } catch {
    case e: ArithmeticException => println("除数不能是0")
    case e: Exception => println(e.getMessage)
  } finally {

  }

// 结果
除数不能是0

7）case class匹配

// case class
  class Person

  case class CTO(name: String, floor: String) extends Person

  case class Employee(name: String, floor: String) extends Person

  case class Other(name: String) extends Person

  def caseclassMatche(person: Person): Unit = {
    person match {
      case CTO(name, floor) => println("CTO NAME IS: " + name + ", floor is: " + floor)
      case Employee(name, floor) => println("EMPLOYEE NAME IS: " + name + ", floor is: " + floor)
      case _ => println("other")
    }
  }

  caseclassMatche(CTO("lisi", "10"))
  caseclassMatche(Employee("zhangsan", "3"))
  caseclassMatche(Other("wanger"))

// 结果
CTO NAME IS: lisi, floor is: 10
EMPLOYEE NAME IS: zhangsan, florr is: 3
other