c++11 std::recursive_mutex

A recursive mutex is a lockable object, just like mutex, but allows the same thread to acquire multiple levels of ownership over the mutex object.

This allows to lock (or try-lock) the mutex object from a thread that is already locking it, acquiring a new level of ownership over the mutex object: the mutex object will actually remain locked owning the thread until its member unlock is called as many times as this level of ownership.

recursive_mutex 类是同步原语，能用于保护共享数据免受从个多线程同时访问。

recursive_mutex 提供排他性递归所有权语义：

• 调用方线程在从它成功调用 lock 或 try_lock 开始的时期里占有 recursive_mutex 。此时期间，调用方线程可以多次锁定/解锁互斥元。结束的时候lock与unlock次数匹配正确就行。
• 线程占有 recursive_mutex 时，若其他所有线程试图要求 recursive_mutex 的所有权，则它们将阻塞（对于调用 lock ）或收到 false 返回值（对于调用 try_lock ）。
• 可锁定 recursive_mutex 次数的最大值是未指定的，但抵达该数后，对 lock 的调用将抛出 std::system_error 而对 try_lock 的调用将返回 false 。

若 recursive_mutex 在仍为某线程占有时被销毁，则程序行为未定义。 recursive_mutex 类满足互斥体 (Mutex) 和标准布局类型 (StandardLayoutType) 的所有要求。

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
 
class X {
    std::recursive_mutex m;
    std::string shared;
  public:
    void fun1() {
      std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
      shared = "fun1";
      std::cout << "in fun1, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
    }
    void fun2() {
      std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
      shared = "fun2";
      std::cout << "in fun2, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
      fun1(); // ① 递归锁在此处变得有用
      std::cout << "back in fun2, shared variable is " << shared << '\n';
    };
};
 
int main() 
{
    X x;
    std::thread t1(&X::fun1, &x);
    std::thread t2(&X::fun2, &x);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
}

运行结果：

 代码执行到①的时候进入func1()函数中，遇到了std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);，但是因为是同一线程，所以可以继续锁定，不会阻塞。