openCV+Python 数字图像处理（2）——两幅图像算数运算、逻辑运算，图像融合，调节图像亮度与对比度

1.基本概念及API介绍

• 两幅图像算术运算
  包括加减乘除

add_img = cv2.add(img1, img2)
substract_img = cv2.subtract(img1, img2)
multiply_img = cv2.multiply(img1, img2)
div_img = cv2.divide(img1, img2)

• 两幅图像逻辑运算
  包括与、或、异或

and_img = cv2.bitwise_and(img1, img2)
or_img = cv2.bitwise_or(img1, img2)
xor_img = cv2.bitwise_xor(img1, img2)

• 图像融合

def addweighted(img1, img2, c):
    addweighted_img = cv2.addWeighted(img1, c, img2, 1-c, 2)
    show('addweighted_img', addweighted_img)

addWeighted(src1: Any, alpha: Any, src2: Any, beta: Any, gamma: Any, dst: Any = None, dtype: Any = None)

alpha： src1权重
beta： src2权重
gamma： 融合后添加的数值，调节亮度

• 单幅图像调节对比度和亮度

mask = mask = np.zeros(img1.shape, dtype=np.uint8)
img_changed = cv2.addWeighted(img, c, mask, 1-c, b)

c决定对比度，c>1时，对比度增强，c<1时，对比度减弱
b决定整体亮度，b>0时，亮度增强

2.代码示例

import cv2
import numpy as np

img1 = cv2.imread('E:/PycharmProjects/one.jpg')
img2 = cv2.imread('E:/PycharmProjects/two.jpg')

def show(name, img):
    cv2.imshow(name, img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
show('img1', img1)
show('img2', img2)

# 1.两幅图像算数运算、逻辑运算
def logic_img(img1, img2):
    add_img = cv2.add(img1, img2)
    show('add', add_img)
    substract_img = cv2.subtract(img1, img2)
    show('substract', substract_img)
    multiply_img = cv2.multiply(img1, img2)
    show('multiply_img', multiply_img)
    div_img = cv2.divide(img1, img2)
    show('div_img', div_img)
    and_img = cv2.bitwise_and(img1, img2)
    show('and', and_img)
    or_img = cv2.bitwise_or(img1, img2)
    show('or', or_img)
    xor_img = cv2.bitwise_xor(img1, img2)
    show('xor', xor_img)
    
logic_img(img1, img2)

# 2.两幅图像融合
def addweighted(img1, img2, c):
    addweighted_img = cv2.addWeighted(img1, c, img2, 1-c, 2)
    show('addweighted_img', addweighted_img)

addweighted(img1, img2, 0.5)

# 3.调节亮度和对比度
def brightness_constract(img, c, b):
    mask = np.zeros(img1.shape, dtype=np.uint8)*255
    img_changed = cv2.addWeighted(img, c, mask, 1-c, b)
    show('img_changed', img_changed)

brightness_constract(img1, 1.5, 5)

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3.结果展示