ModelForm
a. class Meta:
model, # 对应Model的
fields=None, # 字段
exclude=None, # 排除字段
labels=None, # 提示信息
help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息
widgets=None, # 自定义插件
error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS)
field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段)
localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据
如:
数据库中
2016-12-27 04:10:57
setting中的配置
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = True
则显示:
2016-12-27 12:10:57
b. 验证执行过程
is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误
c. 字典字段验证
def clean_字段名(self):
# 可以抛出异常
# from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
return "新值"
d. 用于验证
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm()
model_form_obj.is_valid()
model_form_obj.errors.as_json()
model_form_obj.clean()
model_form_obj.cleaned_data
e. 用于创建
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST)
#### 页面显示,并提交 #####
# 默认保存多对多
obj = form.save(commit=True)
# 不做任何操作,内部定义 save_m2m(用于保存多对多)
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.save() # 保存单表信息
obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息
f. 用于更新和初始化
obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1)
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj)
...
PS: 单纯初始化
model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
例子:
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields as Ffields
from app01 import models
from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets
# Create your views here.
class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
# is_rmember = Ffields.CharField( # 定义额外的字段,和数据库里的没任何关系
# widgets = Fwidgets.CheckboxInput()
#) # 应用:页面免登录1个月 按钮
class Meta:
model = models.UserInfo # 去UserInfo类里获取数据
fields = '__all__' # __all__: 代指所有的字段
#fields = ['username', 'email'] # 只显示username和email字段
#exclude = ['username'] # 不显示username
labels = { # 提示信息
'username': "用户名",
'email': "邮箱",
}
help_texts = { # 帮助提示信息
'username': '...',
}
widgets = { # 自定义插件
'username': Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': 'c1'})
}
error_messages = { # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS)
'__all__': { # 整体的错误信息
},
'email': {
'required': "邮箱不能为空",
'invalid': '邮箱格式不对',
}
}
field_classes = { # 自定义字段类(也可以自定义字段)
#'email': Ffields.URLField,
}
def clean_username(self):
old = self.cleaned_data['username']
return old
def index(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = UserInfoModelForm()
return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj})
elif request.method == "POST": # 插入数据
obj = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST)
if obj.is_valid():
obj.save() # 保存到数据库里
# 这三句等价于上面那一句
# instance = obj.save(False) # 当前这个models对象
# instance.save() # 此时只会保存当前的这个类,不会保存many2many关系
# obj.save_m2m() # 保存m2m关系
print(obj.is_valid())
print(obj.cleaned_data)
print(obj.errors.as_json())
#models.UserInfo.objects.create(**cleaned_data)
#models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=1).update(**cleaned_data)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj})
def user_list(request):
li = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('user_type')
return render(request, 'user_list.html', {'li': li})
def user_edit(request, nid):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
mf = UserInfoModelForm(instance=obj)
return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'nid': nid})
elif request.method == "POST": # 更新数据
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
mf = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST, instance=obj) # 加上instance参数表修改,不加表增加
if mf.is_valid():
mf.save()
else:
print(mf.errors.as_json())
return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'nid': nid})