学习head first 设计模式之装饰者模式

装饰者模式：动态的将责任附加到对象上，若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案

装饰模式案例 星巴克菜单

抽象组件Beverage

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public abstract class Beverage {
	String description = "Unknown Beverage";
  
	public String getDescription() {
		return description;
	}
 
	public abstract double cost();
}

抽象装饰者类CondimentDecorator

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
	public abstract String getDescription();
}

浓缩咖啡具体组件Espresso

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public class Espresso extends Beverage {
  
	public Espresso() {
		description = "Espresso";
	}
  
	public double cost() {
		return 1.99;
	}
}

黑咖啡具体组件DarkRoast

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public class DarkRoast extends Beverage {
	public DarkRoast() {
		description = "Dark Roast Coffee";
	}
 
	public double cost() {
		return .99;
	}
}

摩卡装饰者Mocha

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
	Beverage beverage;
 
	public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
		this.beverage = beverage;
	}
 
	public String getDescription() {
		return beverage.getDescription() + ", Mocha";
	}
 
	public double cost() {
		return .20 + beverage.cost();
	}
}

奶油装饰者Whip

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;
 
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {
	Beverage beverage;
 
	public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
		this.beverage = beverage;
	}
 
	public String getDescription() {
		return beverage.getDescription() + ", Whip";
	}
 
	public double cost() {
		return .10 + beverage.cost();
	}
}

测试

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.starbuzz;

public class StarbuzzCoffee {
 
	public static void main(String args[]) {

		Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
		beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
		beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
		beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
		System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription() 
				+ " $" + beverage2.cost());

	}
}

这个是说明2个摩卡一个奶油的黑咖啡

继承同一超类 将自己本身当做参数传递

java自带的io操作大量运用到装饰者模式

例如自己手动写个小写转换的类继承类FilterInputStream

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.io;

import java.io.*;

public class LowerCaseInputStream extends FilterInputStream {

	public LowerCaseInputStream(InputStream in) {
		super(in);
	}
 
	public int read() throws IOException {
		int c = in.read();
		return (c == -1 ? c : Character.toLowerCase((char)c));
	}
		
	public int read(byte[] b, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
		int result = in.read(b, offset, len);
		for (int i = offset; i < offset+result; i++) {
			b[i] = (byte)Character.toLowerCase((char)b[i]);
		}
		return result;
	}
}

测试

package headfirst.designpatterns.decorator.io;

import java.io.*;

public class InputTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		int c;

		try {
			InputStream in = 
				new LowerCaseInputStream(
					new BufferedInputStream(
						new FileInputStream("test.txt")));

			while((c = in.read()) >= 0) {
				System.out.print((char)c);
			}

			in.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}