观察者模式:定义了对象之间的一对多依赖,这样一来,当一个对象改变状态时,它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新
主题和观察者定义了一对多关系,观察者于此主题,只要主题状态一有变化,观察者就会被通知。根据通知的风格,观察者可能因此新值而更新。
观察者和主题是松耦合的
设计原则:为了交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力
实现气象站
subject接口(主题)
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface Subject {
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyObservers();
}
observer接口(观察者)
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}
dispalyElement接口(布告板接口)
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
类CurrentConditionsDisplay布告板实现
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather;
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private Subject weatherData;
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
+ "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
}
WeatherData主题实现类
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather; import java.util.*; public class WeatherData implements Subject { private ArrayList<Observer> observers; private float temperature; private float humidity; private float pressure; public WeatherData() { observers = new ArrayList<Observer>(); } public void registerObserver(Observer o) { observers.add(o); } public void removeObserver(Observer o) { int i = observers.indexOf(o); if (i >= 0) { observers.remove(i); } } public void notifyObservers() { for (Observer observer : observers) { observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure); } } public void measurementsChanged() { notifyObservers(); } public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) { this.temperature = temperature; this.humidity = humidity; this.pressure = pressure; measurementsChanged(); } public float getTemperature() { return temperature; } public float getHumidity() { return humidity; }
package headfirst.designpatterns.observer.weather; public class WeatherStation { public static void main(String[] args) { WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(); CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData); StatisticsDisplay statisticsDisplay = new StatisticsDisplay(weatherData); ForecastDisplay forecastDisplay = new ForecastDisplay(weatherData); weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f); weatherData.setMeasurements(82, 70, 29.2f); weatherData.setMeasurements(78, 90, 29.2f); } }
public float getPressure() {return pressure;}} 测试类WeatherStation