LeetCode 热题 HOT 100 第四十三天 128. 最长连续序列 中等题 用python3求解

题目地址

给定一个未排序的整数数组 nums ,找出数字连续的最长序列(不要求序列元素在原数组中连续)的长度。
请你设计并实现时间复杂度为 O(n) 的算法解决此问题。

示例 1:
输入:nums = [100,4,200,1,3,2]
输出:4
解释:最长数字连续序列是 [1, 2, 3, 4]。它的长度为 4。

示例 2:
输入:nums = [0,3,7,2,5,8,4,6,0,1]
输出:9

提示:
0 <= nums.length <= 10^5
-10^9 <= nums[i] <= 10^9

在这里插入图片描述
解法:哈希表 字典
用哈希表存储每个端点值对应连续区间的长度
若数已在哈希表中:跳过不做处理

若是新数加入:

  • 取出其左右相邻数已有的连续区间长度 left 和 right
  • 计算当前数的区间长度为:length = left + right + 1
  • 根据length更新最大长度res的值
  • 更新区间两端点的长度值

代码实现:

class Solution:
    def longestConsecutive(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        res = 0
        hash_dict = dict()
        for num in nums:      
            if num not in hash_dict: # 新进来哈希表一个数
                left = hash_dict.get(num-1,0) # 获取当前数的最左边连续长度,没有的话就更新为0
                right = hash_dict.get(num+1,0) # 同理获取右边的数
                """不用担心左边和右边没有的情况
                因为没有的话就是left或者right0
                并不改变什么
                """
                #print('num:',num)
                #print('left:',left)
                #print('right:',right)
                
                hash_dict[num] = 1 # 把当前数加入哈希表,代表当前数字出现过
                
                length = left+1+right # 更新长度
                res = max(res,length)
                
                hash_dict[num-left] = length # 更新最左端点的值,如果left=n存在,那么证明当前数的前n个都存在哈希表中
               
                hash_dict[num+right] = length  # 更新最右端点的值,如果right=n存在,那么证明当前数的后n个都存在哈希表中
                # 此时 【num-left,num-right】范围的值都连续存在哈希表中了
                # 即使left或者right=0都不影响结果
                #print('hash_dict:',hash_dict)
        return res

为方便只看代码,把注释删掉的版本:

class Solution:
    def longestConsecutive(self, nums: List[int]) -> int:
        res = 0
        hash_dict = dict()
        
        for num in nums:            
            if num not in hash_dict:
                left = hash_dict.get(num-1,0)
                right = hash_dict.get(num+1,0)
                
                hash_dict[num] = 1
                
                length = left+1+right
                res = max(res,length)
                
                hash_dict[num-left] = length
                hash_dict[num+right] = length
        return res

print的输出过程:
以示例1为例:
num: 100
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {100: 1}

num: 4
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {100: 1, 4: 1}

num: 200
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {100: 1, 4: 1, 200: 1}

num: 1
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {100: 1, 4: 1, 200: 1, 1: 1}

num: 3
left: 0
right: 1
hash_dict: {100: 1, 4: 2, 200: 1, 1: 1, 3: 2}

num: 2
left: 1
right: 2
hash_dict: {100: 1, 4: 4, 200: 1, 1: 4, 3: 2, 2: 1}

以示例2为例:
num: 0
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {0: 1}

num: 3
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 1}

num: 7
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict1: {0: 1, 3: 1}
hash_dict2: {0: 1, 3: 1, 7: 1}

num: 2
left: 0
right: 1
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 2, 7: 1, 2: 2}

num: 5
left: 0
right: 0
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 2, 7: 1, 2: 2, 5: 1}

num: 8
left: 1
right: 0
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 2, 7: 2, 2: 2, 5: 1, 8: 2}

num: 4
left: 2
right: 1
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 2, 7: 2, 2: 4, 5: 4, 8: 2, 4: 1}

num: 6
left: 4
right: 2
hash_dict: {0: 1, 3: 2, 7: 2, 2: 7, 5: 4, 8: 7, 4: 1, 6: 1}

num: 1
left: 1
right: 7
hash_dict: {0: 9, 3: 2, 7: 2, 2: 7, 5: 4, 8: 9, 4: 1, 6: 1, 1: 1}

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