AsyncTask源码分析

AsyncTask分析

上一篇博客从Android源码的角度分析了插件化，这一篇挑有工程意义的、面试也常考的AsyncTask分析吧。
首先分析一下AsyncTask的成员变量：

    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";

    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // We want at least 2 threads and at most 4 threads in the core pool,
    // preferring to have 1 less than the CPU count to avoid saturating
    // the CPU with background work
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

    /**
     * An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
     */
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
    
     /**
     * An {@link Executor} that executes tasks one at a time in serial
     * order.  This serialization is global to a particular process.
     */
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;

    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;

    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
    
    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();

    private final Handler mHandler;

主要是先进先出的任务队列、核心线程数与CPU数目相关的线程池，与主线程相联系的Looper。
mWorker是一个可传递参数的Callable抽象类，实现如下：

        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

mFuture是对mWorker的进一步封装，FutureTask是可以获取任务执行结果的Runnable，提供的接口如下：

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };

接下来是AsyncTask串行还是并行的分析，首先看最常用的方法execute()：

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

可以看到execute直接调用了executeOnExecutor函数，executeOnExecutor()中首先调用onPreExecute()，这个由开发者来override，之后调用sDefaultExecutor的execute，这个sDefaultExecutor就是上文截图中的SerialExecutor：

    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

sDefaultExecutor中的execute函数加上了synchronized关键字，因此对于一个AsyncTask实例来说，他的任务是串行执行的，而如果是AsyncTask的多个实例的话，由于SERIAL_EXECUTOR是静态的，多实例共用这一个SERIAL_EXECUTOR，因此任务依旧是串行执行的。

但是在3.0版本之后，我们也可以直接调用这个接口：executeOnExecutor，传入自己构造的线程池，此时任务就是并行执行的了。

接下来我们继续分析SERIAL_EXECUTOR的execute函数，将任务offer到ArrayDeque中之后，判断mActive的状态，如果目前无任务执行的话，就去调用scheduleNext，scheduleNext实际上就是从任务队列中poll出单个任务后通过线程池来执行。
具体的逻辑写在了mWorker中。先调用doInBackground后调用postResult，然后由AsyncTask中的handler进行处理：

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }

可以看到onProgressUpdate其实也是通过这个handler来实现的。
finish()实现如下：

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

AsyncTask的缺陷（原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/boyupeng/article/details/49001215）：
内存泄露：
Activity销毁后，AsyncTask会一直执行doInBackground()方法直到方法执行结束。我们应该在循环中使用isCancelled()来判断，如果返回为true，我们应该避免执行后续无用的循环操作。

还有一种常见的情况就是，在Activity中使用非静态匿名内部AsyncTask类，由于Java内部类的特点，AsyncTask内部类会持有外部类的隐式引用。由于AsyncTask的生命周期可能比Activity的长，当Activity进行销毁AsyncTask还在执行时，由于AsyncTask持有Activity的引用，导致Activity对象无法回收，进而产生内存泄露。

结果丢失
另一个问题就是在屏幕旋转等造成Activity重新创建时AsyncTask数据丢失的问题。当Activity销毁并重新创建后，还在运行的AsyncTask会持有一个Activity的非法引用即之前的Activity实例。导致onPostExecute()没有任何作用。