View、ViewGroup绘制流程

View、ViewGroup绘制流程

面试的时候被问到的，在这里记录一下

View 的 draw 会依次调用 onDraw、dispatchDraw

    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
        mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:
         *
         *      1. Draw the background
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
         *      3. Draw view's content
         *      4. Draw children
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
         */

        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;

        drawBackground(canvas);

        // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
        boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
        if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
            // Step 3, draw the content
            onDraw(canvas);

            // Step 4, draw the children
            dispatchDraw(canvas);

            drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);

            // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
            if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
            }

            // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
            onDrawForeground(canvas);

            // Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
            drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);

            if (debugDraw()) {
                debugDrawFocus(canvas);
            }

            // we're done...
            return;
        }

        /*
         * Here we do the full fledged routine...
         * (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
         * this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
         * done above)
         */

        boolean drawTop = false;
        boolean drawBottom = false;
        boolean drawLeft = false;
        boolean drawRight = false;

        float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
        float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
        float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
        float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;

        // Step 2, save the canvas' layers
        int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;

        final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
        if (offsetRequired) {
            paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
        }

        int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
        int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
        int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
        int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);

        if (offsetRequired) {
            right += getRightPaddingOffset();
            bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
        }

        final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
        final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
        int length = (int) fadeHeight;

        // clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
        // overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
        if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
            length = (bottom - top) / 2;
        }

        // also clip horizontal fades if necessary
        if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
            length = (right - left) / 2;
        }

        if (verticalEdges) {
            topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
            drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
            bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
            drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
        }

        if (horizontalEdges) {
            leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
            drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
            rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
            drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
        }

        saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
        int topSaveCount = -1;
        int bottomSaveCount = -1;
        int leftSaveCount = -1;
        int rightSaveCount = -1;

        int solidColor = getSolidColor();
        if (solidColor == 0) {
            if (drawTop) {
                topSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, right, top + length);
            }

            if (drawBottom) {
                bottomSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom);
            }

            if (drawLeft) {
                leftSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom);
            }

            if (drawRight) {
                rightSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom);
            }
        } else {
            scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
        }

        // Step 3, draw the content
        onDraw(canvas);

        // Step 4, draw the children
        dispatchDraw(canvas);

        // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
        final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
        final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
        final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;

        // must be restored in the reverse order that they were saved
        if (drawRight) {
            matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
            matrix.postRotate(90);
            matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
            fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
            p.setShader(fade);
            if (solidColor == 0) {
                canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(rightSaveCount, p);

            } else {
                canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
            }
        }

        if (drawLeft) {
            matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
            matrix.postRotate(-90);
            matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
            fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
            p.setShader(fade);
            if (solidColor == 0) {
                canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(leftSaveCount, p);
            } else {
                canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
            }
        }

        if (drawBottom) {
            matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
            matrix.postRotate(180);
            matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
            fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
            p.setShader(fade);
            if (solidColor == 0) {
                canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(bottomSaveCount, p);
            } else {
                canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
            }
        }

        if (drawTop) {
            matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
            matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
            fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
            p.setShader(fade);
            if (solidColor == 0) {
                canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(topSaveCount, p);
            } else {
                canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
            }
        }

        canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);

        drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);

        // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
        if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
            mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
        }

        // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
        onDrawForeground(canvas);

        if (debugDraw()) {
            debugDrawFocus(canvas);
        }
    }

ViewGroup帮我们覆写好了 dispatchDraw

    @Override
    protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        boolean usingRenderNodeProperties = canvas.isRecordingFor(mRenderNode);
        final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        int flags = mGroupFlags;

        if ((flags & FLAG_RUN_ANIMATION) != 0 && canAnimate()) {
            final boolean buildCache = !isHardwareAccelerated();
            for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
                final View child = children[i];
                if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE) {
                    final LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();
                    attachLayoutAnimationParameters(child, params, i, childrenCount);
                    bindLayoutAnimation(child);
                }
            }

            final LayoutAnimationController controller = mLayoutAnimationController;
            if (controller.willOverlap()) {
                mGroupFlags |= FLAG_OPTIMIZE_INVALIDATE;
            }

            controller.start();

            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_RUN_ANIMATION;
            mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_ANIMATION_DONE;

            if (mAnimationListener != null) {
                mAnimationListener.onAnimationStart(controller.getAnimation());
            }
        }

        int clipSaveCount = 0;
        final boolean clipToPadding = (flags & CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK) == CLIP_TO_PADDING_MASK;
        if (clipToPadding) {
            clipSaveCount = canvas.save(Canvas.CLIP_SAVE_FLAG);
            canvas.clipRect(mScrollX + mPaddingLeft, mScrollY + mPaddingTop,
                    mScrollX + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight,
                    mScrollY + mBottom - mTop - mPaddingBottom);
        }

        // We will draw our child's animation, let's reset the flag
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION;
        mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED;

        boolean more = false;
        final long drawingTime = getDrawingTime();

        if (usingRenderNodeProperties) canvas.insertReorderBarrier();
        final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
        int transientIndex = transientCount != 0 ? 0 : -1;
        // Only use the preordered list if not HW accelerated, since the HW pipeline will do the
        // draw reordering internally
        final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = usingRenderNodeProperties
                ? null : buildOrderedChildList();
        final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
        for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
            while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
                final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
                if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
                        transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
                    more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
                }
                transientIndex++;
                if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
                    transientIndex = -1;
                }
            }

            final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(childrenCount, i, customOrder);
            final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(preorderedList, children, childIndex);
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
            }
        }
        while (transientIndex >= 0) {
            // there may be additional transient views after the normal views
            final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
            if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
                    transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
                more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
            }
            transientIndex++;
            if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();

        // Draw any disappearing views that have animations
        if (mDisappearingChildren != null) {
            final ArrayList<View> disappearingChildren = mDisappearingChildren;
            final int disappearingCount = disappearingChildren.size() - 1;
            // Go backwards -- we may delete as animations finish
            for (int i = disappearingCount; i >= 0; i--) {
                final View child = disappearingChildren.get(i);
                more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
            }
        }
        if (usingRenderNodeProperties) canvas.insertInorderBarrier();

        if (debugDraw()) {
            onDebugDraw(canvas);
        }

        if (clipToPadding) {
            canvas.restoreToCount(clipSaveCount);
        }

        // mGroupFlags might have been updated by drawChild()
        flags = mGroupFlags;

        if ((flags & FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED) == FLAG_INVALIDATE_REQUIRED) {
            invalidate(true);
        }

        if ((flags & FLAG_ANIMATION_DONE) == 0 && (flags & FLAG_NOTIFY_ANIMATION_LISTENER) == 0 &&
                mLayoutAnimationController.isDone() && !more) {
            // We want to erase the drawing cache and notify the listener after the
            // next frame is drawn because one extra invalidate() is caused by
            // drawChild() after the animation is over
            mGroupFlags |= FLAG_NOTIFY_ANIMATION_LISTENER;
            final Runnable end = new Runnable() {
               @Override
               public void run() {
                   notifyAnimationListener();
               }
            };
            post(end);
        }
    }

这期间会调用到 drawChild

    protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
        return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
    }

这个重载的 draw 会根据 child mLeft 、mRight 的偏移属性、是否启动了硬件加速、是否有缓存的 Bitmap 去绘制出 child，这期间还是会调用到 child 的 draw

    boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime) {
        final boolean hardwareAcceleratedCanvas = canvas.isHardwareAccelerated();
        /* If an attached view draws to a HW canvas, it may use its RenderNode + DisplayList.
         *
         * If a view is dettached, its DisplayList shouldn't exist. If the canvas isn't
         * HW accelerated, it can't handle drawing RenderNodes.
         */
        boolean drawingWithRenderNode = mAttachInfo != null
                && mAttachInfo.mHardwareAccelerated
                && hardwareAcceleratedCanvas;

        boolean more = false;
        final boolean childHasIdentityMatrix = hasIdentityMatrix();
        final int parentFlags = parent.mGroupFlags;

        if ((parentFlags & ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION) != 0) {
            parent.getChildTransformation().clear();
            parent.mGroupFlags &= ~ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
        }

        Transformation transformToApply = null;
        boolean concatMatrix = false;
        final boolean scalingRequired = mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mScalingRequired;
        final Animation a = getAnimation();
        if (a != null) {
            more = applyLegacyAnimation(parent, drawingTime, a, scalingRequired);
            concatMatrix = a.willChangeTransformationMatrix();
            if (concatMatrix) {
                mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_TRANSFORM;
            }
            transformToApply = parent.getChildTransformation();
        } else {
            if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_TRANSFORM) != 0) {
                // No longer animating: clear out old animation matrix
                mRenderNode.setAnimationMatrix(null);
                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_TRANSFORM;
            }
            if (!drawingWithRenderNode
                    && (parentFlags & ViewGroup.FLAG_SUPPORT_STATIC_TRANSFORMATIONS) != 0) {
                final Transformation t = parent.getChildTransformation();
                final boolean hasTransform = parent.getChildStaticTransformation(this, t);
                if (hasTransform) {
                    final int transformType = t.getTransformationType();
                    transformToApply = transformType != Transformation.TYPE_IDENTITY ? t : null;
                    concatMatrix = (transformType & Transformation.TYPE_MATRIX) != 0;
                }
            }
        }

        concatMatrix |= !childHasIdentityMatrix;

        // Sets the flag as early as possible to allow draw() implementations
        // to call invalidate() successfully when doing animations
        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_DRAWN;

        if (!concatMatrix &&
                (parentFlags & (ViewGroup.FLAG_SUPPORT_STATIC_TRANSFORMATIONS |
                        ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN)) == ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN &&
                canvas.quickReject(mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom, Canvas.EdgeType.BW) &&
                (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_DRAW_ANIMATION) == 0) {
            mPrivateFlags2 |= PFLAG2_VIEW_QUICK_REJECTED;
            return more;
        }
        mPrivateFlags2 &= ~PFLAG2_VIEW_QUICK_REJECTED;

        if (hardwareAcceleratedCanvas) {
            // Clear INVALIDATED flag to allow invalidation to occur during rendering, but
            // retain the flag's value temporarily in the mRecreateDisplayList flag
            mRecreateDisplayList = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_INVALIDATED) != 0;
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_INVALIDATED;
        }

        RenderNode renderNode = null;
        Bitmap cache = null;
        int layerType = getLayerType(); // TODO: signify cache state with just 'cache' local
        if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE || !drawingWithRenderNode) {
             if (layerType != LAYER_TYPE_NONE) {
                 // If not drawing with RenderNode, treat HW layers as SW
                 layerType = LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE;
                 buildDrawingCache(true);
            }
            cache = getDrawingCache(true);
        }

        if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
            // Delay getting the display list until animation-driven alpha values are
            // set up and possibly passed on to the view
            renderNode = updateDisplayListIfDirty();
            if (!renderNode.hasDisplayList()) {
                // Uncommon, but possible. If a view is removed from the hierarchy during the call
                // to getDisplayList(), the display list will be marked invalid and we should not
                // try to use it again.
                renderNode = null;
                drawingWithRenderNode = false;
            }
        }

        int sx = 0;
        int sy = 0;
        if (!drawingWithRenderNode) {
            computeScroll();
            sx = mScrollX;
            sy = mScrollY;
        }

        final boolean drawingWithDrawingCache = cache != null && !drawingWithRenderNode;
        final boolean offsetForScroll = cache == null && !drawingWithRenderNode;

        int restoreTo = -1;
        if (!drawingWithRenderNode || transformToApply != null) {
            restoreTo = canvas.save();
        }
        if (offsetForScroll) {
            canvas.translate(mLeft - sx, mTop - sy);
        } else {
            if (!drawingWithRenderNode) {
                canvas.translate(mLeft, mTop);
            }
            if (scalingRequired) {
                if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
                    // TODO: Might not need this if we put everything inside the DL
                    restoreTo = canvas.save();
                }
                // mAttachInfo cannot be null, otherwise scalingRequired == false
                final float scale = 1.0f / mAttachInfo.mApplicationScale;
                canvas.scale(scale, scale);
            }
        }

        float alpha = drawingWithRenderNode ? 1 : (getAlpha() * getTransitionAlpha());
        if (transformToApply != null
                || alpha < 1
                || !hasIdentityMatrix()
                || (mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA) != 0) {
            if (transformToApply != null || !childHasIdentityMatrix) {
                int transX = 0;
                int transY = 0;

                if (offsetForScroll) {
                    transX = -sx;
                    transY = -sy;
                }

                if (transformToApply != null) {
                    if (concatMatrix) {
                        if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
                            renderNode.setAnimationMatrix(transformToApply.getMatrix());
                        } else {
                            // Undo the scroll translation, apply the transformation matrix,
                            // then redo the scroll translate to get the correct result.
                            canvas.translate(-transX, -transY);
                            canvas.concat(transformToApply.getMatrix());
                            canvas.translate(transX, transY);
                        }
                        parent.mGroupFlags |= ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
                    }

                    float transformAlpha = transformToApply.getAlpha();
                    if (transformAlpha < 1) {
                        alpha *= transformAlpha;
                        parent.mGroupFlags |= ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
                    }
                }

                if (!childHasIdentityMatrix && !drawingWithRenderNode) {
                    canvas.translate(-transX, -transY);
                    canvas.concat(getMatrix());
                    canvas.translate(transX, transY);
                }
            }

            // Deal with alpha if it is or used to be <1
            if (alpha < 1 || (mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA) != 0) {
                if (alpha < 1) {
                    mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA;
                } else {
                    mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_VIEW_IS_ANIMATING_ALPHA;
                }
                parent.mGroupFlags |= ViewGroup.FLAG_CLEAR_TRANSFORMATION;
                if (!drawingWithDrawingCache) {
                    final int multipliedAlpha = (int) (255 * alpha);
                    if (!onSetAlpha(multipliedAlpha)) {
                        if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
                            renderNode.setAlpha(alpha * getAlpha() * getTransitionAlpha());
                        } else if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_NONE) {
                            canvas.saveLayerAlpha(sx, sy, sx + getWidth(), sy + getHeight(),
                                    multipliedAlpha);
                        }
                    } else {
                        // Alpha is handled by the child directly, clobber the layer's alpha
                        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_ALPHA_SET;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) == PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) {
            onSetAlpha(255);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_ALPHA_SET;
        }

        if (!drawingWithRenderNode) {
            // apply clips directly, since RenderNode won't do it for this draw
            if ((parentFlags & ViewGroup.FLAG_CLIP_CHILDREN) != 0 && cache == null) {
                if (offsetForScroll) {
                    canvas.clipRect(sx, sy, sx + getWidth(), sy + getHeight());
                } else {
                    if (!scalingRequired || cache == null) {
                        canvas.clipRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
                    } else {
                        canvas.clipRect(0, 0, cache.getWidth(), cache.getHeight());
                    }
                }
            }

            if (mClipBounds != null) {
                // clip bounds ignore scroll
                canvas.clipRect(mClipBounds);
            }
        }

        if (!drawingWithDrawingCache) {
            if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                ((RecordingCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
            } else {
                // Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
                    mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
                    dispatchDraw(canvas);
                } else {
                    draw(canvas);
                }
            }
        } else if (cache != null) {
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
            if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_NONE || mLayerPaint == null) {
                // no layer paint, use temporary paint to draw bitmap
                Paint cachePaint = parent.mCachePaint;
                if (cachePaint == null) {
                    cachePaint = new Paint();
                    cachePaint.setDither(false);
                    parent.mCachePaint = cachePaint;
                }
                cachePaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * 255));
                canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, cachePaint);
            } else {
                // use layer paint to draw the bitmap, merging the two alphas, but also restore
                int layerPaintAlpha = mLayerPaint.getAlpha();
                if (alpha < 1) {
                    mLayerPaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * layerPaintAlpha));
                }
                canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, mLayerPaint);
                if (alpha < 1) {
                    mLayerPaint.setAlpha(layerPaintAlpha);
                }
            }
        }

        if (restoreTo >= 0) {
            canvas.restoreToCount(restoreTo);
        }

        if (a != null && !more) {
            if (!hardwareAcceleratedCanvas && !a.getFillAfter()) {
                onSetAlpha(255);
            }
            parent.finishAnimatingView(this, a);
        }

        if (more && hardwareAcceleratedCanvas) {
            if (a.hasAlpha() && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) == PFLAG_ALPHA_SET) {
                // alpha animations should cause the child to recreate its display list
                invalidate(true);
            }
        }

        mRecreateDisplayList = false;

        return more;
    }