Android获取地理位置解析

近期一个项目用到了该功能，因此进行了比较详细的研究，在这里整理一下。
首先指的一提的是，Android Q版本之后，定位权限有一个改动就是，如果是后台服务想要获取地理位置信息的话，需要申请新的权限ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION ，如果不想申请该权限进行定位的话，需要将服务切换为前台服务，如何切换的代码在github地址上，附在本文最后。

接下来进行位置监听的代码分析：
想要获取后台位置监听的话，可以直接调用LocationManager的requestLocationUpdates方法，通常来说直接调用的是：

public void requestLocationUpdates(String provider, long minTime, float minDistance,
            LocationListener listener, Looper looper) {
   
        checkProvider(provider);
        checkListener(listener);

        LocationRequest request = LocationRequest.createFromDeprecatedProvider(
                provider, minTime, minDistance, false);
        requestLocationUpdates(request, listener, looper, null);
    }

刚开始进行参数的非空校验：

    private static void checkProvider(String provider) {
   
        if (provider == null) {
   
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid provider: " + provider);
        }
    }

之后调用createFromDeprecatedProvider生成一个request，该部分代码很简单

public static LocationRequest createFromDeprecatedProvider(String provider, long minTime,
            float minDistance, boolean singleShot) {
   
        if (minTime < 0) minTime = 0;
        if (minDistance < 0) minDistance = 0;

        int quality;
        if (LocationManager.PASSIVE_PROVIDER.equals(provider)) {
   
            quality = POWER_NONE;
        } else if (LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER.equals(provider)) {
   
            quality = ACCURACY_FINE;
        } else {
   
            quality = POWER_LOW;
        }

        LocationRequest request = new LocationRequest()
                .setProvider(provider)
                .setQuality(quality)
                .setInterval(minTime)
                .setFastestInterval(minTime)
                .setSmallestDisplacement(minDistance);
        if (singleShot) request.setNumUpdates(1);
        return request;
    }

创建好request调用requestLocationUpdates：

 private void requestLocationUpdates(LocationRequest request, LocationListener listener,
            Looper looper, PendingIntent intent) {
   

        String packageName = mContext.getPackageName();

        // wrap the listener class
        ListenerTransport transport = wrapListener(listener, looper);

        try {
   
            mService.requestLocationUpdates(request, transport, intent, packageName);
       } catch (RemoteException e) {
   
           throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
       }
    }

其中wrapListener的实现如下：

    private ListenerTransport wrapListener(LocationListener listener, Looper looper) {
   
        if (listener == null) return null;
        synchronized (mListeners) {
   
            ListenerTransport transport = mListeners.get(listener);
            if (transport == null) {
   
                transport = new ListenerTransport(listener, looper);
            }
            mListeners.put(listener, transport);
            return transport;
        }
    }

mListeners是维护listener的一个hashmap：

    // Map from LocationListeners to their associated ListenerTransport objects
    private HashMap<LocationListener,ListenerTransport> mListeners =
        new HashMap<LocationListener,ListenerTransport>();

如果该listener之前未注册过的话，会生成一个新的ListenerTransport：

ListenerTransport(LocationListener listener, Looper looper) {
   
            mListener = listener;

            if (looper == null) {
   
                mListenerHandler = new Handler() {
   
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   
                        _handleMessage(msg);
                    }
                };
            } else {
   
                mListenerHandler = new Handler(looper) {
   
                    @Override
                    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
   
                        _handleMessage(msg);
                    }
                };
            }
        }

这里会进行loop的判断，一般来说，我们不传入loop时，会生成一个指向当前线程消息队列的handler，接下来看下_handleMessage的实现：

        private void _handleMessage(Message msg) {
   
            switch (msg.what) {
   
                case TYPE_LOCATION_CHANGED:
                    Location location = new Location((Location) msg.obj);
                    mListener.onLocationChanged(location);
                    break;
                case TYPE_STATUS_CHANGED:
                    Bundle b = (Bundle) msg.obj;
                    String provider = b.getString("provider");
                    int status = b.getInt("status");
                    Bundle extras = b.getBundle("extras");
                    mListener.onStatusChanged(provider, status, extras);
                    break;
                case TYPE_PROVIDER_ENABLED:
                    mListener.onProviderEnabled((String) msg