Clickhouse集群化（三）集群化部署

假面悍匪王小明

已于 2024-08-27 10:59:52 修改

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分类专栏： clickhouse 文章标签： clickhouse

于 2024-08-26 17:27:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40663313/article/details/141568909

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1. 准备

clickhouse支持副本和分片的能力，但是自身无法实现需要借助zookeeper或者clickhouse-keeper来实现不同节点之间数据同步，同时clickhouse的数据是最终一致性。

2. Zookeeper

副本的写入流程

没有主从概念平等地位互为副本

2.1. 部署zookeeper

# Setup Service to provide access to Zookeeper for clients
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  # DNS would be like zookeeper.zoons
  name: zookeeper
  labels:
    app: zookeeper
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 2181
      name: client
    - port: 7000
      name: prometheus
  selector:
    app: zookeeper
    what: node
---
# Setup Headless Service for StatefulSet
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  # DNS would be like zookeeper-0.zookeepers.etc
  name: zookeepers
  labels:
    app: zookeeper
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 2888
      name: server
    - port: 3888
      name: leader-election
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: zookeeper
    what: node
---
# Setup max number of unavailable pods in StatefulSet
apiVersion: policy/v1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
  name: zookeeper-pod-disruption-budget
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: zookeeper
  maxUnavailable: 1
---
# Setup Zookeeper StatefulSet
# Possible params:
# 1. replicas
# 2. memory
# 3. cpu
# 4. storage
# 5. storageClassName
# 6. user to run app
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  # nodes would be named as zookeeper-0, zookeeper-1, zookeeper-2
  name: zookeeper
  labels:
    app: zookeeper
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: zookeeper
  serviceName: zookeepers
  replicas: 2
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  podManagementPolicy: OrderedReady
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: zookeeper
        what: node
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: '7000'
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
    spec:
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: "app"
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - zookeeper
              # TODO think about multi-AZ EKS
              # topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-zookeeper
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          image: "zookeeper:3.8.4"
          resources:
            requests:
              memory: "512M"
              cpu: "1"
            limits:
              memory: "4Gi"
              cpu: "2"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 2181
              name: client
            - containerPort: 2888
              name: server
            - containerPort: 3888
              name: leader-election
            - containerPort: 7000
              name: prometheus
          env:
            - name: SERVERS
              value: "3"

# See those links for proper startup settings:
# https://github.com/kow3ns/kubernetes-zookeeper/blob/master/docker/scripts/start-zookeeper
# https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/tips/#zookeeper
# https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/11781
          command:
            - bash
            - -x
            - -c
            - |
              HOST=`hostname -s` &&
              DOMAIN=`hostname -d` &&
              CLIENT_PORT=2181 &&
              SERVER_PORT=2888 &&
              ELECTION_PORT=3888 &&
              PROMETHEUS_PORT=7000 &&
              ZOO_DATA_DIR=/var/lib/zookeeper/data &&
              ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR=/var/lib/zookeeper/datalog &&
              {
                echo "clientPort=${CLIENT_PORT}"
                echo 'tickTime=2000'
                echo 'initLimit=300'
                echo 'syncLimit=10'
                echo 'maxClientCnxns=2000'
                echo 'maxTimeToWaitForEpoch=2000'
                echo 'maxSessionTimeout=60000000'
                echo "dataDir=${ZOO_DATA_DIR}"
                echo "dataLogDir=${ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR}"
                echo 'autopurge.snapRetainCount=10'
                echo 'autopurge.purgeInterval=1'
                echo 'preAllocSize=131072'
                echo 'snapCount=3000000'
                echo 'leaderServes=yes'
                echo 'standaloneEnabled=false'
                echo '4lw.commands.whitelist=*'
                echo 'metricsProvider.className=org.apache.zookeeper.metrics.prometheus.PrometheusMetricsProvider'
                echo "metricsProvider.httpPort=${PROMETHEUS_PORT}"
                echo "skipACL=true"
                echo "fastleader.maxNotificationInterval=10000"
              } > /conf/zoo.cfg &&
              {
                echo "zookeeper.root.logger=CONSOLE"
                echo "zookeeper.console.threshold=INFO"
                echo "log4j.rootLogger=\${zookeeper.root.logger}"
                echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"
                echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=\${zookeeper.console.threshold}"
                echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"
                echo "log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} - %-5p [%t:%C{1}@%L] - %m%n"
              } > /conf/log4j.properties &&
              echo 'JVMFLAGS="-Xms128M -Xmx4G -XX:ActiveProcessorCount=8 -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -Djute.maxbuffer=8388608 -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50"' > /conf/java.env &&
              if [[ $HOST =~ (.*)-([0-9]+)$ ]]; then
                  NAME=${BASH_REMATCH[1]} &&
                  ORD=${BASH_REMATCH[2]};
              else
                  echo "Failed to parse name and ordinal of Pod" &&
                  exit 1;
              fi &&
              mkdir -pv ${ZOO_DATA_DIR} &&
              mkdir -pv ${ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR} &&
              whoami &&
              chown -Rv zookeeper "$ZOO_DATA_DIR" "$ZOO_DATA_LOG_DIR" &&
              export MY_ID=$((ORD+1)) &&
              echo $MY_ID > $ZOO_DATA_DIR/myid &&
              for (( i=1; i<=$SERVERS; i++ )); do
                  echo "server.$i=$NAME-$((i-1)).$DOMAIN:$SERVER_PORT:$ELECTION_PORT" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;
              done &&
              if [[ $SERVERS -eq 1 ]]; then
                  echo "group.1=1" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;
              else
                  echo "group.1=1:2:3" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;
              fi &&
              for (( i=1; i<=$SERVERS; i++ )); do
                  WEIGHT=1
                  if [[ $i == 1 ]]; then
                    WEIGHT=10
                  fi
                  echo "weight.$i=$WEIGHT" >> /conf/zoo.cfg;
              done &&
              zkServer.sh start-foreground
          readinessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
                - bash
                - -c
                - '
                  IFS=; 
                  MNTR=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "mntr" >&3 ; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;);
                  while [[ "$MNTR" == "This ZooKeeper instance is not currently serving requests" ]];
                  do
                    echo "wait mntr works";
                    sleep 1;
                    MNTR=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "mntr" >&3 ; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;);
                  done;
                  STATE=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_server_state | cut -d " " -f 2);
                  if [[ "$STATE" =~ "leader" ]]; then
                    echo "check leader state";
                    SYNCED_FOLLOWERS=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_synced_followers | awk -F"[[:space:]]+" "{print \$2}" | cut -d "." -f 1);
                    if [[ "$SYNCED_FOLLOWERS" != "0" ]]; then
                      ./bin/zkCli.sh ls /;
                      exit $?;
                    else
                      exit 0;
                    fi;
                  elif [[ "$STATE" =~ "follower" ]]; then
                    echo "check follower state";
                    PEER_STATE=$(echo -e $MNTR | grep zk_peer_state);
                    if [[ "$PEER_STATE" =~ "following - broadcast" ]]; then
                      ./bin/zkCli.sh ls /;
                      exit $?;
                    else
                      exit 1;
                    fi;
                  else
                    exit 1;  
                  fi
                   '
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 60
            timeoutSeconds: 60
          livenessProbe:
            exec:
              command:
                - bash
                - -xc
                - 'date && OK=$(exec 3<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/2181 ; printf "ruok" >&3 ; IFS=; tee <&3; exec 3<&- ;); if [[ "$OK" == "imok" ]]; then exit 0; else exit 1; fi'
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 5
          volumeMounts:
            - name: datadir-volume
              mountPath: /var/lib/zookeeper
      # Run as a non-privileged user
      securityContext:
        runAsUser: 1000
        fsGroup: 1000
      volumes:
        - name: datadir-volume
          emptyDir:
            medium: "" #accepted values:  empty str (means node's default medium) or Memory
            sizeLimit: 1Gi

3. 借助多副本模式部署clickhouse

尝试使用部署多个pod的方式+zookeeper来进行数据同步与分片

同时clickhouse-operator（开源的）可以让我们通过更高配置标签的方式来简化部署clickhouse

3.1. 多副本

修改副本数：3

修改pod亲和：使得不通pod分不到不同node节点中

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: clickhouse
  labels:
    app: clickhouse
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 3
  serviceName: clickhouse
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: clickhouse
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: clickhouse
    spec:

      containers:
        - name: clickhouse
          image: clickhouse/clickhouse-server:24.1.2.5
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          env:
            - name: TZ
              value: "Asia/Shanghai"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8123
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/clickhouse
              name: clickhouse-data
            - mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d
              name: clickhouse-config
            - mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/conf.d
              name: clickhouse-conf
            - mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/users.d
              name: clickhouse-users
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - "master"
                      - "node1"
                      - "node2"
                      - "node3"
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: app
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - clickhouse
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      volumes:
        - name: clickhouse-data
          emptyDir: {}
        - hostPath:
            path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/config.d
          name: clickhouse-config
        - hostPath:
            path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/conf.d
          name: clickhouse-conf
        - hostPath:
            path: /apps/data/gzzx/clickhouse2/config/users.d
          name: clickhouse-users
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: clickhouse
  name: clickhouse
  namespace: default
spec:
  ipFamilies:
    - IPv4
  #  - IPv6
  ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
  type: NodePort  # 将类型修改为 NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 8123 #服务端口
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 8123
      nodePort: 31125
  selector:
    app: clickhouse

3.2. clickhouse配置信息

使用k8s部署时需要使用挂载的方式来修改clickhouse中的配置信息因为需要修改配置信息较多采用文件目录挂载的方式

clickhouse配置所在目录 /etc/clickhouse-server/conf.d

/etc/clickhouse-server/config.d

用户配置：/etc/clickhouse-server/users.d

共需要修改的地方

zookeeper信息

macros：宏信息可以在建表的时候帮助自动生成相关副本信息

remote_servers：clickhosue集群信息(分片副本等)

user：用户信息

3.2.1. zookeeper配置信息

host使用k8s默认的coreDns解析 zookeeper使用statefulset方式创建

host：podname.service.namespace.svc.cluster.local

<yandex>
    <zookeeper>
        <node>
            <host>zookeeper-0.zookeepers.default.svc.cluster.local</host>
            <port>2181</port>
        </node>
        <node>
            <host>zookeeper-1.zookeepers.default.svc.cluster.local</host>
            <port>2181</port>
        </node>
    </zookeeper>
    <distributed_ddl>
        <path>/clickhouse/ck-cluster2/task_queue/ddl</path>
    </distributed_ddl>
</yandex>

3.2.2. 集群副本配置

副本和分片配置信息 <shard> <replica>

host信息为 podname+service+namespace.svc.cluster.local

remote_servers下面的标签名表示定义的集群名 ck-cluster

多副本就在shard中指定多个replica 其中host表示不同pod节点

多分片就定义多个shard标签

<yandex>
    <remote_servers>
        <!-- User-specified clusters -->
        <ck-cluster>
            <shard>
                <internal_replication>True</internal_replication>
                <replica>
                    <host>clickhouse-v2-0.clickhouse-v2.default.svc.cluster.local</host>
                    <port>9000</port>
                    <secure>0</secure>
                </replica>
                <replica>
                    <host>clickhouse-v2-1.clickhouse-v2.default.svc.cluster.local</host>
                    <port>9000</port>
                    <secure>0</secure>
                </replica>
            </shard>
        </ck-cluster>
    </remote_servers>
</yandex>

3.2.3. 宏设置

这样我们分布式表的时候会自动根据这里面的宏信息进行命名避免手动指定

这里面所有的涉及到集群信息的配置在不同机器上需要不同如replica shard

如果有分片设置啧shard参数需要修改不然创建表会有问题

如果有副本设置则replica值需要不同

<yandex>
    <macros>
        <installation>ck-cluster</installation>
        <all-sharded-shard>0</all-sharded-shard>
        <cluster>ck-cluster</cluster>
        <shard>0</shard>
        <replica>replica1</replica>
    </macros>
</yandex>

3.2.4. 监听配置

ipv4使用0.0.0.0

ipv6使用 [::]

<yandex>
    <!-- Listen wildcard address to allow accepting connections from other containers and host network. -->
    
    <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
    <listen_try>1</listen_try>
</yandex>

3.2.5. hostanme

如果不指定 clickhouse部署时候会自动生成

<yandex>
    <tcp_port_secure>0</tcp_port_secure>
    <https_port>0</https_port>
</yandex>

3.2.6. 用户信息配置

自定一个用户使用 user2标签即为用户名也可以定义其他

password支持sha256加密

也可以直接使用<password>标签明文指定

<yandex>
    <users>
        <user2>
            <networks>
                <ip>::1</ip>
                <ip>127.0.0.1</ip>
                <ip>::/0</ip>
            </networks>
            <password_sha256_hex>65e84be33532fb784c48129675f9eff3a682b27168c0ea744b2cf58ee02337c5</password_sha256_hex>
            <profile>default</profile>
            <quota>default</quota>
        </user2>
    </users>
</yandex>

3.2.7. 其他配置

日志配置等

查看clickhouse中服务启动情况

cat /var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.log

3.3. 配置步骤

（4）集群同步

通过yaml挂载config.d等目录将自定义配置文件写入pod

（5）apply部署

3.4. 创建表

副本只能同步数据，不能同步表结构，所以需要在每台机器上自己手动建表

或者借助集群创建表 ck-cluster是我们在集群配置里面的标签名

create table test on cluster 'ck-cluster' (
 id UInt32,
 sku_id String,
 total_amount Decimal(16,2),
 create_time Datetime
) engine =ReplicatedMergeTree
 partition by toYYYYMMDD(create_time)
 primary key (id)
 order by (id,sku_id);

insert into test values
(101,'sku_001',1000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(102,'sku_002',2000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(103,'sku_004',2500.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(104,'sku_002',2000.00,'2020-06-01 12:00:00'),
(105,'sku_003',600.00,'2020-06-02 12:00:00');

执行插入查看不同副本数据信息

副本测试成功（截图仅供参考）

3.5. 分片存储

3.6. 分布式表中的default用户问题

分布式表的操作是通过无密码的default用户但是生产环境一般不允许无密码操作如果直接在user.xml修改default用户会导致连接分布式表错误所以有以下几种解决方式

(1) 一种方式是在clickhouse配置的分片中设置访问用户和密码

这种方式不是特别好密码需要明文存储在配置信息中

(2) 还有一种方式是使用无密码的default用户在用户配置端配置限制ip

但是k8s中集群的ip是随机分配的

（3）采用集群内部加密令牌访问

#CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRET为环境变量 可以在配置文件的时候指定

- name: CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRET

    valueFrom:

        secretKeyRef:

            name: clickhouse-secrets

            key: secret

可以在容器内部使用printenv | grep "CLICKHOUSE_INTERNODE_CLUSTER_SECRET"查看

建议使用default的用户也进行ip限制创建一个新的用户用于访问ck

4. 容器配置

实现生产配置中还需要完善配置

探针

数据挂载（pv pvc）

反亲和配置


          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              #协议
              scheme: HTTP
              #路径
              path: /ping
              # 端口
              port: 8123
              # 延迟探测时间(秒) 【 在k8s第一次探测前等待秒 】
            initialDelaySeconds: 600
            # 执行探测频率(秒) 【 每隔秒执行一次 】
            periodSeconds: 10
            # 超时时间
            timeoutSeconds: 10

            successThreshold: 1
            # 不健康阀值
            failureThreshold: 6
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/logs/
              name: clickhouse-logs
            - mountPath: /var/lib/clickhouse
              name: clickhouse-data
            - mountPath: /etc/clickhouse-server/config.d
              name: clickhouse-config
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - "master"
                      - "node1"
                      - "node2"
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: app
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - clickhouse-v2
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      volumes:
        - hostPath:
            path: /logs/clickhouse/
          name: clickhouse-logs
        - hostPath:
            path: /data/clickhouse/
          name: clickhouse-data
        - hostPath:
            path: /data/clickhouse/config.d
          name: clickhouse-config

使用文件挂载或者pv pvc挂载持久化数据存储

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  labels:
    clickhouse-pv: "console"
  name: clickhouse-efs-pv
spec:
  storageClassName: nfs
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  nfs:
    path: /5c566f78-e67c-4b0d-821e-e80c76a69c16/
    server: xxx.xx.xx.xxx
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  volumeMode: Filesystem

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: clickhouse-pvc
  namespace: gzzx
spec:
  storageClassName: nfs
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      vngf-pv: "console"
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  volumeName: clickhouse-efs-pv

---
spec:
  replicas: 3
  serviceName: clickhouse-v1
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /var/lib/clickhouse
              name: clickhouse-data
      affinity:
        podAntiAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            - labelSelector:
                matchExpressions:
                  - key: app
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - clickhouse-v1
              topologyKey: "kubernetes.io/hostname"
      volumes:
        - name: clickhouse-data
          persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: clickhouse-pvc