6. 使用原子操作打开驱动读取输入按键值

1. 电路图

2. 实现原理

采用原子操作打开驱动设备的接口如下：

常用原子操作函数举例：
atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(0);     //定义原子变量v并初始化为0
atomic_read(atomic_t *v);        //返回原子变量的值
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量增加1
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v);    //原子变量减少1
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0，为0则返回true，否则返回false。

使用信号量也可以实现原子操作。

信号量
信号量（semaphore）是用于保护临界区的一种常用方法，只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量时，进程进入休眠等待状态。

定义信号量
struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量
void sema_init (struct semaphore *sem, int val);
void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem);//初始化为0

获得信号量
void down(struct semaphore * sem);
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem); 
int down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem);
释放信号量
void up(struct semaphore * sem);

3. 驱动源代码(six_drv.c)

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *six_drv_class;
static struct class_device *six_drv_class_dev;
static struct fasync_struct *buttons_async;

/*	键值:按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04
 *	键值:松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84
 */
typedef struct
{
	unsigned int pin;
	unsigned int key_val;
}s3c2440_buttons_desc; 

s3c2440_buttons_desc pins_desc[]={
	{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
	{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
	{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
	{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

unsigned int key_val;
/* 等待队列: 
 * 当没有按键被按下时，如果有进程调用s3c24xx_buttons_read函数，
 * 它将休眠
 */
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，s3c24xx_buttons_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;
static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1);     //定义原子变量v并初始化为1

irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	unsigned pin_val;
	s3c2440_buttons_desc *pindesc = (s3c2440_buttons_desc *)dev_id;

	/* 读取pin值 */
	pin_val = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

	/* 确定按键动作 */
	if(pin_val)
		key_val = pindesc->key_val | 0x80;		/* 松 开 */
	else
		key_val = pindesc->key_val;				/* 按 下 */

	ev_press = 1;                				/* 表示中断发生了 */
    wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   	/* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

	/* 向应用层发送可读信号 */
	kill_fasync(&buttons_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

int six_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	if(atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen)==0)
	{	
		atomic_inc(&canopen);
		return -EBUSY;
	}
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
	request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
	return 0;
}

ssize_t six_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
	if(size!=1)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* 如 果 没 有 按 键 动 作 休 眠 */
    wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);	/* 如果ev_press等于0，休眠 */

	/* 如 果 有 按 键 动 作,返 回 键 值 */	
	copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);

	/* 执行到这里时，ev_press等于1，将它清0 */
    ev_press = 0;
	return 0;
}

int six_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	atomic_dec(&canopen);
	
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
	free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
	return 0;
}

unsigned int six_drv_poll(struct file *file, struct poll_table_struct *wait)
{
	unsigned int mask=0;
	poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait);	/* 不会立即休眠 */
	if(ev_press)
		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
	return mask;
}

int six_drv_fsync(int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
	/* 初始化 buttons_async结构体 */
	return fasync_helper(fd, filp, on, &buttons_async);	
}


static struct file_operations six_drv_fops = {
	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
	.open		= six_drv_open,
	.read		= six_drv_read,
	.release	= six_drv_close,
	.poll 		= six_drv_poll,
	.fasync		= six_drv_fsync,
};

static int major;
static int __init six_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "six_drv", &six_drv_fops);

	six_drv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "six_drv");
	six_drv_class_dev = class_device_create(six_drv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons_atom");
	return 0;
}

static void __exit six_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "second_drv");
	class_device_unregister(six_drv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(six_drv_class);
	return 0;
}

module_init(six_drv_init);
module_exit(six_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

4. 测试程序(TestSixDrv.c)

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define 	DEV_DEVICE		"/dev/buttons_atom"
int fd;

void get_key_val(int sig)
{
	unsigned char key_val;
	
	read(fd, &key_val, 1);
	printf("key_val=0x%x\n", key_val);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int Oflag;

	signal(SIGIO, get_key_val);
	
	fd = open(DEV_DEVICE, O_RDWR);
	if(fd<0)
	{
		printf("can't open %s\n", DEV_DEVICE);
		return -1;
	}

	fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());				//告诉驱动应用的pid 
 	Oflag = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);					//获取旧的标志
 	fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflag | FASYNC);			//设置FASYNC标志

	while(1);
	close(fd);
	return 0;
}