C++第2天

1.常量

#include <stdio.h>

#define PI 3.1415

int main(void)
{
	const int r = 3;

	float l = 2 * PI * r;
	float s = PI * r * r;

	printf("圆的周长为：%.2f\n", l);
	printf("圆的面积为：%.2f\n", s);

	return 0;
}

2.变量

3.标识符

4.sizeof关键字

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	short a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	long c = 30;
	long long d = 40;

	printf("sizeof(short) = %d\n", sizeof(short));
	printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n", sizeof(int));
	printf("sizeof(long) = %d\n", sizeof(long));
	printf("sizeof(long long) = %d\n", sizeof(long long));

	printf("sizeof(a) = %d\n", sizeof(a));
	printf("sizeof(b) = %d\n", sizeof(b));
	printf("sizeof(c) = %d\n", sizeof(c));
	printf("sizeof(d) = %d\n", sizeof(d));

	return 0;

}

5.整型

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	unsigned int a = 10u;
	unsigned short b = 20u;
	unsigned long c = 30ul;
	unsigned long long d = 30ull;

	printf("unsigned int %u\n", a);
	printf("unsigned short %hu\n", b);
	printf("unsigned long %lu\n", c);
	printf("unsigned long long %llu\n", d);

	return 0;
}

6.字符型

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	char ch = 'a';

	printf("ch = %c\n", ch); //ch = a
	printf("ch = %d\n", ch); //ch = 97

	return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
	char ch = 'M';
	char var = '5';

	printf("ch = %c\n", ch + 32); //ch = m
	printf("var = %c\n", var + 4); //var = 9

	printf("\\n的值为：%d\n", '\n'); //\n的值为：10

	return 0;
}

7.实型

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	float m = 3.145;
	double n = 4.566545;

	printf("m = %08.2f\n", m);//m = 00003.14
	printf("n = %08.3lf\n", n);// n = 0004.567

	return 0;
}

8.进制和转换

8进制

16进制

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int a = 0x2c;

	printf("10进制显示 a = %d\n", a);//10进制显示 a = 44
	printf("8进制显示 a = %o\n", a);//8进制显示 a = 54
	printf("16进制显示 a = %x\n", a);//16进制显示 a = 2c

	return 0;
}

9.存储知识

10.原码反码补码【了解】

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	char ch = 127 + 1;

	printf("ch = %d\n", ch);//ch = -128

	return 0;
}

%d运算时经过整型提升会变成-128
过程：
10000000
提升
11111111111111111111111110000000补码
11111111111111111111111101111111反码
10000000000000000000010000000=-128原码