多元统计分析R语言建模| 1 多元数据的数学表达

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-15 11:53:20 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-15 11:53:20 发布

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分类专栏：多元统计分析R语言建模文章标签： r语言开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40960487/article/details/126557361

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矩阵matrix

数据框dataframe：可以把不同类型的数据放到一起

> x1=c(171,175,159,155,152,158,154,164,168,166,159,164)
> x1
 [1] 171 175 159 155 152 158 154 164 168 166 159 164
> x2=c(57,64,41,38,35,44,41,51,57,49,47,46)
> x2
 [1] 57 64 41 38 35 44 41 51 57 49 47 46
> rbind(x1,x2)
   [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]
x1  171  175  159  155  152  158  154  164  168   166   159   164
x2   57   64   41   38   35   44   41   51   57    49    47    46
> cbind(x1,x2)
       x1 x2
 [1,] 171 57
 [2,] 175 64
 [3,] 159 41
 [4,] 155 38
 [5,] 152 35
 [6,] 158 44
 [7,] 154 41
 [8,] 164 51
 [9,] 168 57
[10,] 166 49
[11,] 159 47
[12,] 164 46
> matrix(x1,nrow = 3,ncol = 4)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]  171  155  154  166
[2,]  175  152  164  159
[3,]  159  158  168  164
> matrix(x1,nrow = 4,ncol = 3)
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]  171  152  168
[2,]  175  158  166
[3,]  159  154  159
[4,]  155  164  164
> A=B=matrix(1:12,nrow = 3,ncol = 4)
> A+B
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    8   14   20
[2,]    4   10   16   22
[3,]    6   12   18   24
> A-B
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    0    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0    0
> A*B
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1   16   49  100
[2,]    4   25   64  121
[3,]    9   36   81  144
> A%*%B
Error in A %*% B : non-conformable arguments
> A%*%B
Error in A %*% B : non-conformable arguments
> A=matrix(1:12,nrow = 4,ncol = 4)
> A
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    5    9    1
[2,]    2    6   10    2
[3,]    3    7   11    3
[4,]    4    8   12    4
> diag(A)
[1]  1  6 11  4
> diag(diag(A))
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    0    0    0
[2,]    0    6    0    0
[3,]    0    0   11    0
[4,]    0    0    0    4
> A=matrix(rnorm(16), nrow = 4, ncol = 4)
> A
            [,1]       [,2]       [,3]       [,4]
[1,]  0.97993343 -0.1133519 -0.7210848  1.3739694
[2,] -0.46153680 -0.1212796 -0.5967456  0.9334681
[3,]  0.07862929  1.0272289 -1.4153027  0.6902507
[4,]  0.05170289  1.1535131  0.5469108 -0.6584536
> solve(A)
          [,1]       [,2]        [,3]       [,4]
[1,] 0.5644873 -0.9679524  0.07635672 -0.1142969
[2,] 0.1022195  0.3276392  0.12050088  0.8041007
[3,] 0.3605646  0.7175637 -0.85555813  0.8727691
[4,] 0.5228824  1.0939776 -0.49353026  0.6059016
> diag(4)
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    0    0    0
[2,]    0    1    0    0
[3,]    0    0    1    0
[4,]    0    0    0    1
> diag(4)+1
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    2    1    1    1
[2,]    1    2    1    1
[3,]    1    1    2    1
[4,]    1    1    1    2
> A.e=eigen(A,symmetric = T)
> A.e
eigen() decomposition
$values
[1]  1.462951  0.850270 -1.502006 -2.026318

$vectors
           [,1]      [,2]        [,3]       [,4]
[1,]  0.5380490 0.8323777 -0.07649193 -0.1086260
[2,] -0.6622061 0.3198984 -0.39197856 -0.5527214
[3,] -0.3023784 0.2628639 -0.42165014  0.8134378
[4,] -0.4249160 0.3683951  0.81407183  0.1449776

> apply(A, 1, mean)
[1]  0.37986651 -0.06152345  0.09520154  0.27341830
> apply(A, 1, sum)
[1]  1.5194660 -0.2460938  0.3808062  1.0936732
> apply(A, 1, rowMeans)
Error in FUN(newX[, i], ...) : 'x'必需是阵列，而且至少得有两个维度
> apply(A, 1, rowMean)
Error in match.fun(FUN) : object 'rowMean' not found
> rnorm(100)
  [1]  1.663888700  0.484898176  0.762900312  1.004235239 -0.259142028 -0.396690350
  [7] -1.962667180 -0.666637195  0.909089023  0.472630016 -0.900359228 -1.609149660
 [13] -0.471906140  0.991698563  0.790954359 -0.192902101 -0.005083808  1.773716603
 [19] -0.004060147 -1.211412795 -1.563126569  0.775584202 -0.526888116  1.464635177
 [25]  0.837500891  0.272296759 -0.310935144 -0.136937126 -0.034447814  0.199286210
 [31] -0.434172084  0.003831882 -0.538692873  1.108858808 -0.183996053 -0.361898943
 [37]  1.388276291 -1.041460362  0.085138695  0.541204548  0.202810817  0.289542258
 [43]  1.533320186 -0.235446934 -0.100609415  0.036397605  1.275502026 -0.669806976
 [49] -1.330488847  2.061561689 -0.865050869 -0.970927679  1.568164139 -0.104257372
 [55]  1.185284963 -0.530891191 -0.456649101  2.314369738 -0.996830151 -1.550247278
 [61] -0.177499056  1.093706241 -1.070930386 -0.162603254 -0.725918885  0.366013698
 [67] -0.138413484  0.423542694  1.527400959 -1.152445112 -1.150058826  1.090705377
 [73]  1.934869138  1.335123701 -0.627019335  0.939448113  0.990455800 -1.724482773
 [79]  0.414340631 -0.569025538 -0.409252170  0.599669366 -0.270184294  1.112363473
 [85] -0.038782900  0.122503720 -0.008521498  0.901640099  0.647379284 -0.006002374
 [91]  0.928638411 -0.439443436 -0.253073407 -0.931795977  0.187267011  0.084665737
 [97] -0.243929644 -0.448317924 -0.625875661  0.450916788
> matrix(rnorm(100),20,5)
              [,1]        [,2]        [,3]        [,4]        [,5]
 [1,]  0.701547238  1.68470190  0.23485135  0.46761559 -1.41602944
 [2,]  0.260206103 -1.86518130  0.64235895  1.74300763  0.12038661
 [3,] -0.045774851  2.25735978  1.91843000  1.12320985 -0.27952360
 [4,]  1.163878283  0.31698219  0.24303724  1.85208562  1.38436171
 [5,]  0.441172768 -0.42341407  1.06970259 -0.80638188  0.13687507
 [6,] -0.501595720 -0.95345162 -1.17295481  1.26058932 -0.86145842
 [7,] -0.122349286 -0.81832182  0.19265376  1.18685199 -0.72764598
 [8,] -0.611758301 -0.31503748  0.30753510  0.53488766 -1.27254986
 [9,] -0.004159843  0.15395966 -2.26882212  0.02751649 -0.34386051
[10,] -1.317815437  1.93805926 -1.09534599  2.04376173 -0.36138093
[11,]  1.263569990  0.99987484  0.99088936 -1.84485673 -0.65071849
[12,]  0.011597197 -0.84463202  0.03640103 -0.64712107  0.34132928
[13,] -1.262812110 -0.85385606  0.41914362  0.59595644 -0.42540130
[14,]  0.362775112  0.74967377  0.50108911 -0.90191321 -0.55203729
[15,] -0.492185834 -1.01464029 -0.09594038  0.19179107 -0.83759598
[16,]  0.865633806 -0.09588912  0.19268708 -0.61561724  1.09389453
[17,] -0.872007350 -0.22816583  0.73432952 -0.64910042 -0.56606234
[18,] -0.339897887 -1.24744447 -0.97225305  0.02801266  0.06986353
[19,]  2.099933382  0.63889697 -0.90587777  0.31812770 -0.24971995
[20,] -0.394631570  1.75099283 -0.69655798  0.27789265 -0.20589554
> A=matrix(rnorm(100),20,5)
> apply(A, 2, var)
[1] 0.9759652 0.7610062 1.2894139 1.4763183 0.6422701
> 
> 
> X=data.frame(x1,x2)
> X
    x1 x2
1  171 57
2  175 64
3  159 41
4  155 38
5  152 35
6  158 44
7  154 41
8  164 51
9  168 57
10 166 49
11 159 47
12 164 46
> X=data.frame('身高'=x1,'体重'=x2)
> X
   身高 体重
1   171   57
2   175   64
3   159   41
4   155   38
5   152   35
6   158   44
7   154   41
8   164   51
9   168   57
10  166   49
11  159   47
12  164   46
> dat=read.table("clipboard",header = TURE)
Error in file(file, "rt") : cannot open the connection
In addition: Warning message:
In file(file, "rt") : clipboard cannot be opened or contains no text
> dat=read.table("clipboard",header = TURE)
Error in read.table("clipboard", header = TURE) : object 'TURE' not found
> dat=read.table("clipboard",header = T)
> d2.1=dat
> d
Error: object 'd' not found
> 
> head(d2.1)
   年龄 性别 风险 专兼职 职业 教育 结果
1 20-29   男   有   兼职 金融 高中 赚钱
2 50-59   女   有   兼职 科教 中学 持平
3 40-49   女   无   专职 科教 中学 赔钱
4 30-39   男   有   兼职 工人 中专 赚钱
5 50-59   女   有   专职 农民 大专 赚钱
6 40-49   女   有   兼职 管理 小学 赚钱
> attach(d2.1)
> table(年龄)
年龄
    *  0-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59   60- 
   20     3    92   167   157    51    24 
> barplot(table(年龄),col = 1:7)
> pie(table(结果))
> barplot((ta))
Error in barplot((ta)) : object 'ta' not found
> barplot((table(年龄,性别)))
> barplot(table(年龄,性别),beside = T,col = 1:7)
> barplot(table(年龄,性别),beside = T,col = 1:2)
> ftable(年龄,性别,结果)
           结果 持平 赔钱 赚钱
年龄  性别                    
*     男           4    3    2
      女           3    7    1
0-19  男           0    0    2
      女           1    0    0
20-29 男          21   17   31
      女          10    7    6
30-39 男          31   30   40
      女          30   20   16
40-49 男          31   30   28
      女          25   30   13
50-59 男           5   11    8
      女           8   10    9
60-   男           7    5    3
      女           2    5    2
> detach(d2.1)

参考资料： https://next.xuetangx.com/course/JNU07011000851/1515699