C++_2018-12-03_机器学习——DTree训练示例：分类树

 简述

通过DTree进行带标签数据的训练，保存，读取，预测，可用于场景：图像特征，文本数据，数据挖掘等的分类。

样本

序号	年纪	薪水	有房	有车	信贷	能否通过
1	Y	L
2	Y	L
3	Y	M
4	Y	M
5	Y	H
6	Y	M
7	M
8	M
9	M
10	M
11	M
12	M
13	O
14	O
15	O
16	O
17	O
18	O
19	O

代码

static const char* var_desc[] =
{
	"Age (young = Y, middle = M, old = O)",
	"Salary (low = L, medium = M, high = H)",
	"Own_House (false = N, true = Y)",
	"Own_Car (false = N, true = Y)",
	"Credit_Rating (fair = F, good = G, excellent = E)",
	0
};

int DTree_example()
{
    /*
    #include <opencv2\core\core.hpp>
    #include <opencv2\highgui\highgui.hpp>
    #include <opencv2\imgproc\imgproc.hpp>
    #include <opencv2\ml\ml.hpp>
    #include <iostream>

    using namespace cv;
    using namespace std;
    */

	/*样本*/
	float trainingData[19][5] = {
		{ 'Y', 'L', 'N', 'N', 'F' },
		{ 'Y', 'L', 'Y', 'N', 'G' },
		{ 'Y', 'M', 'Y', 'N', 'G' },
		{ 'Y', 'M', 'Y', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'Y', 'H', 'Y', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'Y', 'M', 'N', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'M', 'L', 'Y', 'Y', 'E' },
		{ 'M', 'H', 'Y', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'M', 'L', 'N', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'M', 'M', 'Y', 'Y', 'F' },
		{ 'M', 'H', 'Y', 'Y', 'E' },
		{ 'M', 'M', 'N', 'N', 'G' },
		{ 'O', 'L', 'N', 'N', 'G' },
		{ 'O', 'L', 'Y', 'Y', 'E' },
		{ 'O', 'L', 'Y', 'N', 'E' },
		{ 'O', 'M', 'N', 'Y', 'G' },
		{ 'O', 'L', 'N', 'N', 'E' },
		{ 'O', 'H', 'N', 'Y', 'F' },
		{ 'O', 'H', 'Y', 'Y', 'E' }			
	};
	Mat trainingDataMat(19, 5, CV_32FC1, trainingData);
		
	/*标签*/
	float responses[19] = { 
		'N', 'N', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y',\
		'N', 'Y', 'Y', 'N', 'N',\
		'Y', 'N', 'N', 'Y', 'Y',\
		'N', 'N', 'N', 'Y' };
	Mat responseMat(19, 1, CV_32FC1, responses);

	/*决策树参数*/
	float priors[5] = { 1, 1 };
	CvDTreeParams params(
		15,//
		1,
		0,
		false,
		25,
		0,
		false,
		false,
		priors
		);
	Mat varTypeMat(6, 1, CV_8U, Scalar::all(1));

	/*训练样本，构建决策树*/
	CvDTree* dtree = new CvDTree();
	dtree->train(
		trainingDataMat,
		CV_ROW_SAMPLE,
		responseMat,
		Mat(),
		Mat(),
		varTypeMat,
		Mat(),
		params
		);

	/*计算每个属性的重要程度并打印出来*/
	const CvMat* var_importance = dtree->get_var_importance();
	for (size_t i = 0; i < var_importance->cols*var_importance->rows; i++)
	{
		double val = var_importance->data.db[i];
		char buf[100];
		int len = (int)(strchr(var_desc[i], '(') - var_desc[i] - 1);
		strncpy(buf, var_desc[i], len);
		buf[len] = '\0';
		printf("%s", buf);
		printf(":%g%%\n", val * 100);
	}

	/*模型保存*/
	dtree->save("dtree.xml");

	/*模型加载
	CvDTree* dtree = new CvDTree();
	*/
	dtree->load("dtree.xml");

	/*预测*/
	float myData[5] = { 'M', 'H', 'Y', 'N', 'F' };
	Mat myDataMat(5, 1, CV_32FC1, myData);
	double r = dtree->predict(myDataMat, Mat(), false)->value;
	cout << endl << "result:" << (char)r << endl;
		
	return 0;
}