亚麻VO准备

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-06 17:22:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-06 17:22:39 发布

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数据结构基本问题

存储的内容不同：array存相同数据类型的数据元素，链表存储a collection of unordered linked elements,被称作nodes
查找方式不同：array里的元素通过index查找，linkedlist里的元素必须从头查找
访问速度不同：array直接查找元素，链表线性查找，慢
插入和删除速度不同：链表比array快
size不同：array大小固定，链表是动态的，可改变size
memory分配时间不同：array中memory在编译的时候被分配，链表在运行的时候被分配
存储方式不同：在array中，元素是连续存储的，在链表中随机存储
所需memory不同：array用memory存储data和index，链表需要更多memory存储next&previous referencing elements
如果array满了，扩容一点五倍，大概只是因为1.5这个数比较好。。。不会占用过多内存空间

BST的性质
https://songlee24.github.io/2015/01/13/binary-search-tree/
二叉查找树要么是一棵空树，要么是一棵具有如下性质的非空二叉树：

priorityqueue的基本操作的时间复杂度
https://www.jianshu.com/p/eb9e6e413420
HashMap的原理
HashMap 采用一种所谓的“Hash 算法”来决定每个元素的存储位置。当程序执行 map.put(String,Obect)方法时，系统将调用String的 hashCode() 方法得到其 hashCode 值——每个 Java 对象都有 hashCode() 方法，都可通过该方法获得它的 hashCode 值。得到这个对象的 hashCode 值之后，系统会根据该 hashCode 值来决定该元素的存储位置
HashMap如何handle collision

定义：A collision will occur when two different keys have the same hashCode, which can happen because two unequal objects in Java can have the same hashCode.
如何解决：
(1) chaining:If hash code of second value also points to the same index then we replace that index value with an linked list and all values pointing to that index are stored in the linked list and actual array index points to the head of the the linked list.
(2) open dressing:
linear probing: This technique is used when we have more index in the table than the values to be stored. Linear probing technique works on the concept of keep incrementing until you find an empty slot.
double hashing: If the slot at h1(k) is occupied then the second hashing function h2(k) used to increment the index.

late binding: is a mechanism by which a computer program waits until runtime to bind the name of a method being called to an actual subroutine. It is an alternative to early binding or static binding in which this process is performed at compile-time.
overriding: a feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super-classes or parent classes. When a method in a subclass has the same name, same parameters or signature and same return type(or sub-type) as a method in its super-class, then the method in the subclass is said to override the method in the super-class.
overloading: allows different methods to have same name, but different signatures where signature can differ by number of input parameters or type of input parameters or both. Overloading is related to compile time (or static) polymorphism.
Polymorphism: the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.
differences between object and class
A class is a template for objects. A class defines object properties including a valid range of values, and a default value. A class also describes object behavior. An object is a member or an “instance” of a class. An object has a state in which all of its properties have values that you either explicitly define or that are defined by default settings.

A process is an active program i.e. a program that is under execution. It is more than the program code as it includes the program counter, process stack, registers, program code etc. Compared to this, the program code is only the text section.
A thread is a lightweight process that can be managed independently by a scheduler. It improves the application performance using parallelism. A thread shares information like data segment, code segment, files etc. with its peer threads while it contains its own registers, stack, counter etc.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-process-and-thread