C语言结构体

希望今年夏天的遗憾能成为你秋天的惊喜。。。。

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一、结构体概念

可以简单理解为把不同数据类型放到一起的数组

 

二、结构体声明与初始化

1、先声明结构体类型再定义变量

2、同时定义变量

3、直接定义结构体类型变量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Aiyou
{
       int year;
       char name[100];
       char* zdg;
};
struct Aiyou ay;
struct Aiyou ay1 ={2016,"周杰伦的床边故事","告白气球"};
struct Aiyou ay2;
int main() {
       printf("%d\n",ay1.year);
       printf("%s\n", ay1.name);
       printf("%s\n", ay1.zdg);
       


       ay.year = 2015;
       strcpy_s(ay.name,100,"哎呦，不错哦");//ay.name是数组名，是常量所以不能直接赋值
       ay.zdg = "听爸爸的话";
       printf("%d\n", ay.year);
       printf("%s\n", ay.name);
       printf("%s\n", ay.zdg);
       
       struct Aiyou *p;
       p = &ay2;  //让p有所指向
       p->year = 2015;
       strcpy_s((*p).name, 100, "十二新作");
       p->zdg = "明明就";
       printf("%d\n", p->year);
       printf("%s\n", (*p).name);
       //printf("%s\n", p[0].name);
       printf("%s\n", p->zdg);
       system("pause");
       return 0;
}

运行结果：

 

三、其他初始化方法

直接在结构体初始化

struct Aiyou
{
       int year;
       char name[100];
       char* zdg;
}ay={2015,“aiyou”,“bucuo”},ay1,ay2;


无变量名
struct 
{
       int year;
       char name[100];
       char* zdg;
}ay,ay1,ay2;

四、结构体数组

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Aiyou
{
       int year;
       char name[100];
       char* zdg;
};
int main() {
       struct Aiyou a[5];
       
       a[0].year = 2016;
       strcpy_s(a[0].name,100, "周杰伦的床边故事");
       a[0].zdg = "告白气球";
       (a + 1)->year = 2015;
       strcpy_s((a+1)->name, 100, "哎呦，不错哦");
       (a + 1)->zdg = "听爸爸的话";
       (*(a + 2)).year = 2012;
       strcpy_s((*(a + 2)).name, 100, "十二新作");
       (*(a + 2)).zdg = "明明就";
              
       //通过指针操作
       struct Aiyou* p;
       p = &a[0];
       p[3].year = 2011;
       strcpy_s(p[3].name, 100, "惊叹号");
       p[3].zdg = "Mine Mine";
       (p + 4)->year = 2010;
       strcpy_s((p +4)->name, 100, "跨时代");
       (p + 4)->zdg = "烟花易冷";
       for (int i=0;i<sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);i++)
       {
              printf("专辑名称：%s,主打歌：%s,发行时间：%d\n", a[i].name, a[i].zdg,  a[i].year);
       }
       system("pause");
       return 0;
}

运行结果：

 

 

五、结构体嵌套

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
struct Bucuo
{
       int year;
       char* name;
};
struct Aiyou
{
       struct Bucuo bc;
       char* zdg;
};
int main() {
       struct Aiyou ay;
       ay.bc.year = 2016;
       ay.bc.name = "周杰伦的床边故事";
       ay.zdg = "告白气球";
       printf("专辑名称：%s,主打歌：%s,发行时间：%d\n", ay.bc.name, ay.zdg,  ay.bc.year);
       struct Aiyou* p = &ay;
       p->bc.year = 2015;
       p->bc.name = "哎呦，不错哦";
       p->zdg = "听爸爸的话";
       
       printf("专辑名称：%s,主打歌：%s,发行时间：%d\n", p->bc.name, ay.zdg,  p->bc.year);
       system("pause");
       return 0;
}

 

运行结果：

专辑名称：周杰伦的床边故事,主打歌：告白气球,发行时间：2016

专辑名称：哎呦，不错哦,主打歌：听爸爸的话,发行时间：2015

 

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