python cmd ImportError 问题解决

问题摘要

python虚拟环境 cmd命令执行文件
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。
Original error was: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

机器环境

win10 anaconda 虚拟环境：python 3.6.10，numpy 1.18.1， pandas 1.0.3，
在python自在的cmd中运行代码成功，在win10 自带的cmd中运行失败，报错显现numpy无法import

错误Log：

F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py:140: UserWarning: mkl-service package failed to import, therefore Intel(R) MKL initialization ensuring its correct out-of-the box operation under condition when Gnu OpenMP had already been loaded by Python process is not assured. Please install mkl-service package, see http://github.com/IntelPython/mkl-service
  from . import _distributor_init
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from . import multiarray
  File "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\multiarray.py", line 14, in <module>
    from . import overrides
  File "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\overrides.py", line 7, in <module>
    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
ImportError: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "G:\gait_parameters_output(更改需求_20191008)\gait_parameter_py_source_simplified_191129\project\2020_06_01__C_fit\_3_deployment.py", line 10, in <module>
    import numpy as np
  File "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 142, in <module>
    from . import core
  File "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", line 54, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError:

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy c-extensions failed.
- Try uninstalling and reinstalling numpy.
- If you have already done that, then:
  1. Check that you expected to use Python3.6 from "F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\python.exe",
     and that you have no directories in your PATH or PYTHONPATH that can
     interfere with the Python and numpy version "1.18.1" you're trying to use.
  2. If (1) looks fine, you can open a new issue at
     https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues.  Please include details on:
     - how you installed Python
     - how you installed numpy
     - your operating system
     - whether or not you have multiple versions of Python installed
     - if you built from source, your compiler versions and ideally a build log

- If you're working with a numpy git repository, try `git clean -xdf`
  (removes all files not under version control) and rebuild numpy.

Note: this error has many possible causes, so please don't comment on
an existing issue about this - open a new one instead.

Original error was: DLL load failed: 找不到指定的模块。

解决方法

Windows的环境变量，添加3个路径，anaconda的安装路径。分别为：

F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Scripts
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\bin

重启系统自带的cmd，问题得到解决

anaconda spyder默认的环境配置

# environment variable
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\mingw-w64\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\usr\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Scripts
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\bin

# sys.path
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\python36.zip
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\DLLs
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture

F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\win32
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\win32\lib
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\Pythonwin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\IPython\extensions

汇总环境配置

如果环境配置出现问题，可以检查虚拟环境中的如下路径是不是都已经添加到系统环境变量了

# 汇总
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Scripts
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\DLLs
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\python36.zip

F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\mingw-w64\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\usr\bin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\Library\bin

F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\win32
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\win32\lib
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\Pythonwin
F:\Anaconda\Anaconda3_201910\envs\manufacture\lib\site-packages\IPython\extensions

ref：

https://my.oschina.net/xiaopei/blog/3195350/print