numpy

创建np.array

In [2]: import numpy as np

In [3]: np.__version__
Out[3]: '1.17.0'

In [4]: arr = np.array([i for i in range(10)])

In [6]: arr
Out[6]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [7]: arr[3] = 3.14

In [8]: arr
Out[8]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [10]: arr.dtype
Out[10]: dtype('int32')

In [11]: arr2 = np.array([1,2.3])

In [12]: arr2.dtype
Out[12]: dtype('float64')

In [13]: np.zeros(10)
Out[13]: array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

In [14]: np.zeros(10, dtype=int)
Out[14]: array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

In [15]: np.zeros((3,5))
Out[15]: 
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])

In [16]: np.zeros(shape=(3,5))
Out[16]: 
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])

In [17]: np.ones((3,5))
Out[17]: 
array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
       [1., 1., 1., 1., 1.]])

In [18]: np.full((3,5),10)
Out[18]: 
array([[10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10]])

In [19]: np.arange(0,20,2)
Out[19]: array([ 0,  2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18])

In [20]: np.arange(0,1,.2)
Out[20]: array([0. , 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8])

In [21]: np.linspace(0,20,10)
Out[21]: 
array([ 0.        ,  2.22222222,  4.44444444,  6.66666667,  8.88888889,
       11.11111111, 13.33333333, 15.55555556, 17.77777778, 20.        ])

In [22]: np.random.randint(0,10)
Out[22]: 2

In [23]: np.random.randint(0,10,10)  # 创建随机10个[0,10)之间的整数
Out[23]: array([5, 7, 5, 0, 4, 1, 5, 4, 0, 6])

In [24]: np.random.randint(4,8, size=(3,5))
Out[24]: 
array([[5, 5, 5, 4, 4],
       [6, 5, 5, 4, 5],
       [6, 6, 7, 4, 7]])

In [25]: np.random.seed(666)

In [26]: np.random.randint(4,8, size=(3,5))
Out[26]: 
array([[4, 6, 5, 6, 6],
       [6, 5, 6, 4, 5],
       [7, 6, 7, 4, 7]])

In [27]: np.random.seed(666)

In [28]: np.random.randint(4,8, size=(3,5))
Out[28]: 
array([[4, 6, 5, 6, 6],
       [6, 5, 6, 4, 5],
       [7, 6, 7, 4, 7]])

In [29]: np.random.random()
Out[29]: 0.2811684913927954

In [30]: np.random.random(10)
Out[30]: 
array([0.46284169, 0.23340091, 0.76706421, 0.81995656, 0.39747625,
       0.31644109, 0.15551206, 0.73460987, 0.73159555, 0.8578588 ])

In [31]: np.random.random((3,4))
Out[31]: 
array([[0.76741234, 0.95323137, 0.29097383, 0.84778197],
       [0.3497619 , 0.92389692, 0.29489453, 0.52438061],
       [0.94253896, 0.07473949, 0.27646251, 0.4675855 ]])

In [32]: np.random.normal()
Out[32]: -0.9424968816646625

In [33]: np.random.normal(10,100)
Out[33]: -148.04586122473583

np.array的基本操作 reshape

In [35]: x = np.arange(10)

In [36]: x
Out[36]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [37]: X = np.arange(15).reshape(3,5)

In [38]: X
Out[38]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])

In [40]: x.ndim
Out[40]: 1

In [42]: X.ndim
Out[42]: 2

In [43]: X.shape
Out[43]: (3, 5)

In [44]: x.shape
Out[44]: (10,)

In [45]: X.size
Out[45]: 15

In [46]: x.size
Out[46]: 10

In [47]: x
Out[47]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [48]: x[0]
Out[48]: 0

In [49]: x[-1]
Out[49]: 9

In [50]: X
Out[50]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])

In [51]: X[0][0]
Out[51]: 0

In [52]: X[0,0]
Out[52]: 0

In [53]: x[0:4]
Out[53]: array([0, 1, 2, 3])

In [54]: X[::2]
Out[54]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])

In [55]: X[:2,:3]
Out[55]: 
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [5, 6, 7]])

In [56]: X[:2,::2]
Out[56]: 
array([[0, 2, 4],
       [5, 7, 9]])

In [57]: X[0,:]
Out[57]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

In [58]: X[0]
Out[58]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

In [59]: subX = X[:2,:3]

In [60]: subX
Out[60]: 
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [5, 6, 7]])

In [61]: subX[0,0] =100    # 通过切片得到的子数组，改变子数组会改变原数组

In [62]: subX
Out[62]: 
array([[100,   1,   2],
       [  5,   6,   7]])

In [63]: X
Out[63]: 
array([[100,   1,   2,   3,   4],
       [  5,   6,   7,   8,   9],
       [ 10,  11,  12,  13,  14]])

In [64]: subX = X[:2,:3].copy()  # 可以使用copy

In [65]: subX
Out[65]: 
array([[100,   1,   2],
       [  5,   6,   7]])

In [66]: subX[0,0] =300

In [67]: subX
Out[67]: 
array([[300,   1,   2],
       [  5,   6,   7]])

In [68]: X
Out[68]: 
array([[100,   1,   2,   3,   4],
       [  5,   6,   7,   8,   9],
       [ 10,  11,  12,  13,  14]])

In [69]: x.shape
Out[69]: (10,)

In [70]: x.ndim
Out[70]: 1

In [71]: x.reshape(2,5)
Out[71]: 
array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
       [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]])

In [72]: x
Out[72]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [73]: A = x.reshape(2,5)

In [74]: A
Out[74]: 
array([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
       [5,