Prefrontal Cortex Function

为了设计实验范式对前额区进行调研，可以用于测试的功能侧重在短期记忆、语义处理、计算？

提及实验：
go/no-go task
digit span task
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)

Prefrontal Cortex

In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe. The PFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA11, BA12, BA13, BA14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44, BA45, BA46, and BA47

This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.
The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social “control” (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes).

Brodmann areas

• BA8
  It includes the frontal eye fields.The cortical area called frontal eye field (FEF) plays an important role in the control of visual attention and eye movements.
  The area is involved in the management of uncertainty. A fMRI study demonstrated that brodmann area 8 activation occurs when test subjects experience uncertainty, and that with increasing uncertainty there is increasing activation.
  Variants of uncertainty in decision-making and their neural correlates
  An alternative interpretation is that this activation in frontal cortex encodes hope, a higher-order expectation positively correlated with uncertainty.

• BA9
  The area is involved in short term memory, evaluating recency, overriding automatic responses, verbal fluency, error detection, auditory verbal attention, inferring the intention of others,inferring deduction from spatial imagery,inductive reasoning,attributing intention, sustained attention involved in counting a series of auditory stimuli, and lower levels of energy consumption in individuals suffering from bipolar disorder.
  The area found on the left hemisphere is at least partially responsible for empathy, idioms,processing pleasant and unpleasant emotional scenes,self criticisms and attention to negative emotions.
  On the right hemisphere the region is involved in attributing intention, theory of mind, suppressing sadness,working memory,spatial memory, recognition,recall,recognizing the emotions of others, planning, calculation,semantic and perceptual processing of odors,religiosity, and attention to positive emotions.

• BA10
  BA10 is