Andrew Ng coursera上的《机器学习》ex4
按照课程所给的ex4的文档要求,ex4要求完成以下几个计算过程的代码编写:
exerciseName | description |
---|---|
sigmoidGradient.m | compute the grident of the sigmoid function |
randInitializedWeights.m | randomly initialize weights |
nnCostFunction.m | Neutral network function |
1.sigmoidGradient.m
要求如下:
根据作业文档给出的要求以及逻辑回归的梯度下降的表达式。得出如下的Octave代码:
function g = sigmoidGradient(z)
%SIGMOIDGRADIENT returns the gradient of the sigmoid function
%evaluated at z
% g = SIGMOIDGRADIENT(z) computes the gradient of the sigmoid function
% evaluated at z. This should work regardless if z is a matrix or a
% vector. In particular, if z is a vector or matrix, you should return
% the gradient for each element.
g = zeros(size(z));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the gradient of the sigmoid function evaluated at
% each value of z (z can be a matrix, vector or scalar).
g = sigmoid(z) .* (1 - sigmoid(z));
% =============================================================
end
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需要注意的是文档中给出的表达式只是针对一个训练数据集的,需要对所有的训练数据集进行操作的话,需要用到Octave的一个运算符.,小数点表示对所有数据都进行操作。
2. randInitializedWeights.m
该块代码不需要自己写,所有忽略。
3.nnCostFunction.m
要求如下:
Octave代码如下:
function [J grad] = nnCostFunction(nn_params, ...
input_layer_size, ...
hidden_layer_size, ...
num_labels, ...
X, y, lambda)
%NNCOSTFUNCTION Implements the neural network cost function for a two layer
%neural network which performs classification
% [J grad] = NNCOSTFUNCTON(nn_params, hidden_layer_size, num_labels, ...
% X, y, lambda) computes the cost and gradient of the neural network. The
% parameters for the neural network are "unrolled" into the vector
% nn_params and need to be converted back into the weight matrices.
%
% The returned parameter grad should be a "unrolled" vector of the
% partial derivatives of the neural network.
%
% Reshape nn_params back into the parameters Theta1 and Theta2, the weight matrices
% for our 2 layer neural network
Theta1 = reshape(nn_params(1:hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1)), ...
hidden_layer_size, (input_layer_size + 1));
Theta2 = reshape(nn_params((1 + (hidden_layer_size * (input_layer_size + 1))):end), ...
num_labels, (hidden_layer_size + 1));
% Setup some useful variables
m = size(X, 1);
% You need to return the following variables correctly
J = 0;
Theta1_grad = zeros(size(Theta1));
Theta2_grad = zeros(size(Theta2));
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: You should complete the code by working through the
% following parts.
%
% Part 1: Feedforward the neural network and return the cost in the
% variable J. After implementing Part 1, you can verify that your
% cost function computation is correct by verifying the cost
% computed in ex4.m
%
% Part 2: Implement the backpropagation algorithm to compute the gradients
% Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad. You should return the partial derivatives of
% the cost function with respect to Theta1 and Theta2 in Theta1_grad and
% Theta2_grad, respectively. After implementing Part 2, you can check
% that your implementation is correct by running checkNNGradients
%
% Note: The vector y passed into the function is a vector of labels
% containing values from 1..K. You need to map this vector into a
% binary vector of 1's and 0's to be used with the neural network
% cost function.
%
% Hint: We recommend implementing backpropagation using a for-loop
% over the training examples if you are implementing it for the
% first time.
%
% Part 3: Implement regularization with the cost function and gradients.
%
% Hint: You can implement this around the code for
% backpropagation. That is, you can compute the gradients for
% the regularization separately and then add them to Theta1_grad
% and Theta2_grad from Part 2.
%
a1 = [ones(m, 1) X];
z2 = a1 * Theta1';
a2 = sigmoid(z2);
a2 = [ones(m, 1) a2];
z3 = a2 * Theta2';
h = sigmoid(z3);
yk = zeros(m, num_labels);
for i = 1:m
yk(i, y(i)) = 1;
end
J = (1/m)* sum(sum(((-yk) .* log(h) - (1 - yk) .* log(1 - h))));
r = (lambda / (2 * m)) * (sum(sum(Theta1(:, 2:end) .^ 2))
+ sum(sum(Theta2(:, 2:end) .^ 2)));
J = J + r;
for row = 1:m
a1 = [1 X(row,:)]';
z2 = Theta1 * a1;
a2 = sigmoid(z2);
a2 = [1; a2];
z3 = Theta2 * a2;
a3 = sigmoid(z3);
z2 = [1; z2];
delta3 = a3 - yk'(:, row);
delta2 = (Theta2' * delta3) .* sigmoidGradient(z2);
delta2 = delta2(2:end);
Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad + delta2 * a1';
Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad + delta3 * a2';
end
Theta1_grad = Theta1_grad ./ m;
Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta1_grad(:, 2:end) ...
+ (lambda/m) * Theta1(:, 2:end);
Theta2_grad = Theta2_grad ./ m;
Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) = Theta2_grad(:, 2:end) + ...
+ (lambda/m) * Theta2(:, 2:end);
% -------------------------------------------------------------
% =========================================================================
% Unroll gradients
grad = [Theta1_grad(:) ; Theta2_grad(:)];
end
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以上的代码分成了三个部分:
Part 1: Feedforward the neural network and return the cost in the variable J。
Part 2: Implement the backpropagation algorithm to compute the gradients Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad. You should return the partial derivatives of the cost function with respect to Theta1 and Theta2 in Theta1_grad and Theta2_grad, respectively.
关于反向传播的思想如下:
Part 3: Implement regularization with the cost function and gradients.
三个部分分别对应着不同的代码,上面的代码从上往下依次为Part1,part2,part3。