tensorflow安装，出现PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问的问题

安装好anaconda以及cuda，cudnn之后，安装tensorflow，敲完命令：pip install --upgrade tensorflow-gpu出现如下错误：

PermissionError: [WinError 5]拒绝访问。

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 544, in move
    os.rename(src, real_dst)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'c:\\programdata\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip' -> 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-syl6gg6l-uninstall\\programdata\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 778, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 754, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 556, in move
    rmtree(src)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 389, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] 拒绝访问。: 'c:\\programdata\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\pip\\basecommand.py'

在网上搜了搜，发现应该是权限问题。看到有类似的错误，尝试在命令中加--user解决。

因此，将命令改成：pip install --user --upgrade tensorflow-gpu

问题解决。