1. if 判断语句
if语句结构如下:
if单分支语句结构:
if True:
do sth
else:
do sth
if多分支语句结构:
if True:
do sth
elif True:
do sth
elif ...
else:
do sth
练习:
输入年、月,输出本月有多少天
实现代码如下:
year = int(input('Please input year:'))
month = int(input('Please input month:'))
month_1 = [1,3,5,7,8,10,12]
if(month==2):
if ((year % 400 == 0) or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0)):
print('29')
else:
print('28')
elif month in month_1:
print('31')
else:
print('30')
运行结果如下:
2. 逻辑运算符: and & or & not
逻辑运算符: and
条件1 and 条件2
两个条件同时满足,就返回True
只要有一个条件不满足 就返回False
短路特性:当条件1为假,则表达式值为假,此时不再计算条件2;
当条件1为真,则计算条件2,条件2为真,则表达式为真,条件2为假,则表达式为假
逻辑运算符: or
条件1 or 条件2
两个条件只要有一个满足,就返回True
两个条件都不满足的时候,才会返回False
短路特性:当条件1为真,则表达式值为真,此时不再计算条件2;
当条件1为假,则计算条件2,条件2为假,则表达式为假;条件2为真,则表达式为真
逻辑运算符: not
not false = true
优先级: () > not > and >or
练习:
判断是否闰年:
用户输入年份year, 判断是否为闰年?
规则:year能被4整除但是不能被100整除 或者 year能被400整除, 那么就是闰年;
实现代码如下:
year = int(input('Please input year:'))
if ((year % 400 == 0) or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0)):
print('闰年')
else:
print('不是闰年')
运行结果如下:
3. for 循环
for循环结构:
for 变量 in range(num):
do
for-else结构:在所有循环结束后执行else语句块的内容
for 变量 in range(num):
do
else:
do
练习:99乘法表打印
实现代码如下:
col = 9
while col >= 1:
row = 1
while row < col:
print(' \t', end='')
row += 1
while (row >= col and row <= 9):
print('%d * %d = %d\t' % (row, col, (row * col)), end='')
row += 1
print('')
col -= 1
运行结果如下:
4. while循环和break & continue
while循环的结构:
与for循环一样,python中的while循环也可以在循环结束后执行else语句块
while True:
do
else:
do
break & continue 区别:
break:跳出整个循环 不会再执行循环后面的内容
continue:跳出本次循环,continue后面的代码内容也不会被执行
exit():结束整个程序的运行
练习:命令行提示符的实现
实现代码:
import os
while True:
cmd=input('[python@ ~ ]$')
if cmd:
if cmd == 'exit':
print('logout')
break
else:
os.system(cmd)
else:
continue
运行结果:
综合练习:
随机生成百以内的加、减、乘、除运算,
统计所作题数,并统计正确率和错误率,保留2位小数
实现代码:
import random
op = ['+', '-', '*', '/']
right = 0
wrong = 0
all = 0
while True:
ys = random.choice(op)
a = random.randint(1, 101)
b = random.randint(1, 101)
res = input('%d %s %d = ' % (a, ys, b))
if res == 'exit':
break
if res:
if ys == '+':
c_res = a + b
elif ys == '-':
c_res = a - b
elif ys == '*':
c_res = a * b
else:
c_res = round(a / b, 2)
else:
print('input error!')
continue
if (float(res) == c_res):
right += 1
all += 1
print('you are right!!!')
else:
wrong += 1
all += 1
print('you are wrong, the correct answer is:%.2f' % c_res)
print('All question you answered:%d' % all)
if res=='exit':
accuracy = right / all
erate = wrong / all
print('The number of correct:%d, accuracy:%.2f%%' % (right,accuracy*100))
print('The number of wrong:%d, error rate:%.2f%%' % (wrong,erate*100))
运行结果如下: